I- < \0i5" m BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY VOL. XI 1961-1962 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) LONDON: 1962 DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS No. i - July 1961 No. 2 - October 1961 No. 3 - October 1961 No. 4-13 February 1962 No. 5-13 February 1962 No. 6-20 February 1962 No. 7-20 February 1962 No. 8-8 June 1962 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE BARTHOLOMEW PRESS DORKING BY ADLARD AND SON, LTD. CONTENTS ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME XI PAGE No. i. Revision of Drymadusa Stein and related genera (Orthoptera : Tetti- goniidae). By T. KARABAG I No. 2. Three new species of Mallophaga (Insecta). By T. CLAY 43 No. 3. The Monochamini (Cerambycidae) of the Ethiopian Region. II. Sub- tribe Monochamidi. Genera related to Monochamus. By L. S. DILLON and E. S. DILLON 59 No. 4. Miss L. E. Cheesman's expeditions to New Guinea. Trichoptera. By D. E. KIMMINS 97 No. 5. A key to the species of Actornithophilus Ferris with notes and descrip- tions of new species. By T. CLAY 189 No. 6. Review of some genera of the subfamily Bryocorinae (Hemiptera : Miridae). By T. R. ODHIAMBO 245 No. 7. A revision of the Athaliini (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) . By R. B. BENSON 333 No. 8. On the Type species of Foerster's genera (Hymenoptera : Ichneu- monidae). By J. F. PERKINS 383 REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA (ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) T. KARABAG BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. i LONDON: 1961 REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA (ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) BY T. KARABAG \ Pp. 1-41 ; 136 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. u No. i LONDON : 1961 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. n, No. i of the Entomological series. Trustees of the British Museum, 1961 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued July, 1961 Price Fifteen Shillings REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA (ORTHOPTERA : TETTIGONIIDAE) By T. KARABAG CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . ; . . 4 KEY TO GENERA Drymadusa Stein Exodrymadusa gen. n. Pezodrymadusa gen. n. Anadrymadusa gen. n. Ceraeocercus Uvarov 5 5 ii 13 29 39 INTRODUCTION THE genus Drymadusa described a hundred years ago still remains insufficiently known. Ramme revised it in 1939, but somewhat superficially and did not include all the species referred to it by various authors. When I assembled the material for this revision, it became evident that more than one generic complex was represented and three new genera had to be erected. Dr. B. P. Uvarov also drew my attention to the genus Ceraeocercus described by him in 1910, which also belongs to this group of genera. Three species described in the genus Paradrymadusa and referred by Ramme (1939) to Drymadusa have been left out as follows : Paradrymadusa picta Uvarov, 1929, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS : 334 ; Paradrymadusa beckeri Adelung, 1907, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 36 : 45 ; Paradrymadusa robusta Miram, 1926, Rev. russe Ent. 20 : 277. In their generic characters, these species approach Paradrymadusa rather than Drymadusa, particularly as regards the appendages of the last tergite of the male, and the absence of the concave ventral plate which is characteristic of females of our group. Some suggestion of this plate is seen only in P. picta. Amongst the new genera, Exodrymadusa is based only on the female sex, which, however, presents such excellent characters that I feel justified in describing it. In listing the distribution of species, I omitted some published records, since many old determinations are unreliable. I am sincerely grateful to Dr. B. P. Uvarov for his valuable advice and help throughout this work. I also wish to thank Dr. M. Beier (Vienna), Professor G. Bei-Bienko (Leningrad), Sefior E. Morales Agacino (Madrid), Dr. K. Giinther (Berlin) for the loan of types, and Dr. D. R. Ragge who helped to obtain them. To the ENTOM. II, I. I T. KARABAG REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 5 authorities of the British Museum (Natural History), especially to Dr. W. E. China, I express my appreciation of the facilities provided for this work. The work has been partly assisted by a grant from the Arid Zone Committee of UNESCO, for which I am very grateful. Types of new species have been deposited in the British Museum (Natural History). KEY TO THE GENERA 1 (8) Wings hyaline. Last tergite of male with long and acute appendages (Text- figs. 7-9, 45-55) ; cercus (Text-figs. 10-12, 26-44) not branched ; basal branches of titillator without thickened bases (Text-figs. 13-15, 56-72). Between VII sternite and subgenital plate of female there is an extra plate with a pair of deep, shiny concavities (except Anadrymadusa retowskii Adelung). 2 (5) Posterior margin of pronotum parabolic (Text-figs. 2, 3). 3 (4) Pronotum without median carina ; with a distinct transverse depression a little behind the typical sulcus ; shoulder excision distinct (Text-figs. 2, 2A) ; a black or light stripe round posterior edge and a black spot on the shoulder excision. Elytra and wings fully developed, very large I. DRYMADUSA Stein 4 (3) Pronotum with distinct median carina on the metazona ; with a weak and wide transverse depression behind the typical sulcus ; shoulder excision very shallow (Text-figs. 3, 3A) ; pronotum without black edge or shoulder spot. Elytra and wings reaching middle of abdomen (^ unknown) II. EXODRYMADUSA gen. n. 5 (2) Posterior margin of pronotum broadly rounded (Text-figs. 4-6). 6 (7) Metazona of pronotum convex (Text-fig. 4A) (if flat, then shoulder excision distinct) ; lateral carina weak ; shoulder excision indistinct. Elytra shorter than half of abdomen. Ovipositor much shorter than twice the length of pronotum III. PEZODR YMAD USA gen. n 7 (6) Metazona of pronotum flat ; lateral carina distinct on the metazona ; shoulder excision distinct (Text-figs. 5, 5A) (in retowskii very shallow). Elytra mostly longer than half of abdomen. Ovipositor more than twice the length of pronotum IV. ANADRYMADUSA gen. n. 8 (i) Wings black, or brown with lighter fenestration. Last tergite of male with two broad lobes, each strongly down-curved, ending in a very small acute spine (Text-figs. 131, 131 A) ; cercus (Text-fig. 132) with two branches ; basal branches of titillator with thickened bases (Text-fig. 73). No bi-concave plate between VII sternite and subgenital plate of female (Text-fig. 136) V. CERAEOCERCUS Uvarov I. DRYMADUSA Stein, 1860 1860. Drymadusa Stein, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 4 : 257. 1874. Drymadusa Herman, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 24 : 199, 206. 1882. Drymadusa Brunner-Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 313. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, suddenly narrowed at the front, with very fine median sulcus. Between eyes there is a typical black transverse band. First sulcus of pronotum distinct ; typical sulcus almost in the middle of pronotum. Hind femur very strong and large. ENTOM. II, I. I T. KARABAG <. Appendages of last tergite very long and acute. Cercus stout, with an enlarged basal articulation ; basal part much longer than the apical, incurved. Subgenital plate longer than wide, with a deep roundly-angular excision. $. Last tergite with long spine-like appendages. Between VII sternite and sub- genital plate there is a ventral plate, which is much longer and wider than the VII FIGS. 2-6. Pronotum of male. 2, Drymadusalimbatalimbata'BT.-W.; 2A, in profile ; Sh. Ex. = shoulder excision ; 3, Exodrymadusa inornata (Uv.) ; 3A, in profile ; 4, Pezo- drymadusa angorensis (Uv.) ; 4A, in profile ; 5, Anadrymadusa spinicercis (Karab.) ; 5A, in profile ; 6, Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv.; 6A, in profile. sternite, and has a pair of elongate shiny concavities, separated by a high and stout median carina. Subgenital plate with a deep acutangular excision. Ovipositor long and very stout, slightly decurved. Type of genus Ephippigera dorsalis Brulle, 1832. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 7 The bi-concave ventral plate of the female is a most important generic character, but it is not clear whether it forms a part of the VII sternite or of the subgenital plate. DISTRIBUTION. Greece, Turkey, Syria. KEY TO SPECIES 1 (2) A narrow and short, not very distinct, black spot at the corner of shoulder excision ; elytra grey, with white, irregular spots and pattern, without blackish spot at the base. (J : Appendages of last tergite very long, spine-like, thin (Text-fig. 7) ; cercus slender, its apical part much thinner than the basal, outer angle attenuated, acute (Text-fig. 10) ; middle branches of titillator with strong teeth in a longitudinal line, its basal branches narrow (Text-fig. 13). $ : Appendages of last tergite long (Text-fig. 19), slightly divergent ; median carina of bi-concave plate very wide and stout ; subgenital plate approxi- mately as long as wide (Text-fig. 21) . . . . I. dor salts (Brulte) 2 (i) A very distinct black spot at the corner of shoulder excision. Elytra light or dark reddish-brown, with irregular dark spots, and a long dark brown or blackish spot at the posterior basal angle. <$ : Cercus stout, outer angle not acute (Text-figs, u, 12) ; basal branches of titillator very wide (Text-figs. M. 15)- 3 (4) Pronotum more slender. Elytra not very wide. <$ : Appendages of last tergite as in Text-fig. 8 ; cercus not very large (Text-fig, n), gradually incurved, its apical part tapering, outer angle rounded ; titillator (Text-fig. 14) strong, its basal branches regularly incurved, central branches near each other, with dense teeth in a longitudinal line. $ : Bi-concave ventral plate as in Text-fig. 22 2. limbata limbata (Br.-W.) 4 (3) Pronotum very stout. Elytra very wide. , 45-8-55-6 ; pronotum, $, 15-1-16-8 (type) 17-3, ?, 15-2-17-8 ; elytra, $, 55-3 (type) 58-6, ?, 62-68 ; fore femur, <, 12-2-13-1 (type), ?, 13-14 ; hind femur, <$, 42-5-45 (type), ?, 44-46-1 ; ovipositor, 30-1-36 mm. Specimens examined : Adana, S. Turkey, I $ (type), 25.510 ; Gjol-banhi (=Gol- bai), 1882, i $ (Lushan) (Vienna Museum) ; Kuzucubeleni, Mersin Dist., 1936, i $ (Mr. Cotton) ; Asia Minor, Pres. by Robt. M. Anderson, 58.161 ; Marash, 1931, i $ (E. Cold.), 1931-334; Mugla, Agia, c. 1,000 m., 22.vii.i947, i $ (M. Burr), 1947-350 (British Museum) ; Hatay-Yayladag, Venice Koy, 5.viii.i95i, i <, i $ ; Mersin-Silifke, 28.viii.i952, i <$, i $ (0. K. Gulen) ; Mersin, 22, 23, 28.vii.i952, 3 9; Mersin-Giilnar, Bozaga Koyii, 15. ix. 1952, i $; Mersin-Cevlik Koyii, S.vii. 1952, 2 $ (0. K. Giilen) (Zoological Institute, University of Ankara). This new subspecies was sent to me from the Vienna Museum as D. limbata Br.-W., but it proved to be distinct in the size of pronotum, elytra, hind femur and structure of cercus and titillator. The type has been returned to the Vienna Museum. Previous records of D. limbata from Syria probably refer to this subspecies. II. EXODRYMADUSA gen. n. Type : Drymadusa inornata Uvarov, 1926. $. Fastigium of vertex with fine median sulcus. Between eyes there is a black transverse band. Pronotum stout, relatively long and distinctly convex in profile ; median carina slightly perceptible in prozona and distinct in metazona ; first trans- verse sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved behind the middle of pronotum ; lateral lobes oblique, convex. Elytra with parabolic apices. Appendages of last tergite long and acute (Text-fig. 24) ; bi-concave ventral plate very large (Text-fig. 25) ; ovipositor long. 12 T. KARABAG 24 25 FIGS. 24-25. Exodrymadusa inornata (Uv.). 24, $ appendages of last tergite ; 25, V VII sternites, bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. REVISION OF DR YMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 13 Exodrymadusa inornata (Uvarov, 1936) 1936. Drymadusa inornata Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 38 : 510. $. Large and robust. Lateral pronotal lobes much longer than deep, their front margin straight. Elytra reaching slightly beyond the third tergite. Hind femur relatively short and slender. Subgenital plate broadly oval, with double sulcus and distinct median carinula ; the second half with a sulcus on each side ; lobes slightly incurved, with a deep acutangular excision. Ovipositor nearly as long as the hind femur, very slightly decurved, with the apex tapering to a point. Coloration uniformly dull brown ; face light brown, with black band between eyes ; front of first and half of second antennal segments blackish. Pronotum without pattern. Elytra uniformly dark brown, a small elongated dark brown spot at the posterior basal angle of elytra ; legs greyish brown. Length of body, 33-41-3 ; pronotum, 13-1-15 ; elytra, 12-14-3 ; fore femur, 1 1- 1-14- 3 ; hind femur, 1 1-1-12 ; ovipositor, 29-30 mm. Specimens examined : Cyprus, Limassol, June, 1919, i $ (type) ; Cyprus, Stauro- vouni Mt., 2,400 ft., 25. v. 1937, i $, i $ larva; Pera-Pedi, 2,500 ft., 23.vii.i937, I $ (G. A. Mavromoustakis) (British Museum). It would be extremely interesting to study the male of this very distinct insect. III. PEZODRYMADUSA gen. n. Type : Drymadusa angorensis Uvarov, 1931. Pronotum cylindrical, convex in pro- and mesonotum, metanotum mostly not flattened ; behind typical sulcus a wide transversal depression ; no median carina ; lateral carinae distinct only at the shoulders ; shoulder excision very shallow ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus less distinct, widely curved a little behind the middle. Elytra shorter than half of abdomen. Face with a distinct narrow black or dark brown band between eyes. Pronotum usually with typical X-shaped pattern. c. Subgenital plate longer than wide, with a round excision ; styli very short, cylindrical ; cercus with enlarged basal articulation. $. Bi-concave ventral plate present ; ovipositor stout, shorter than i times pronotum, distinctly and regularly down-curved. DISTRIBUTION. Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran. KEY TO SPECIES Male 1 (14) Cercus straight or slightly incurved (Text-figs. 26-32). 2 (7) Cercus straight (Text-figs. 26-28). 3 (4) Sides of last tergite black ; its appendages long, stout, almost parallel, joined at the base (Text-fig. 45) ; cercus gradually narrowed to the apical third, which is slightly S-shaped, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 26) ; median branches of titillator stout, with strong and numerous spines, without spines on its basal part (Text-fig. 56) .... i. magnified (Werner) ENTOM. II, I. I T. KARABAG 39 41 FIGS. 26-44. Left cercus of <$. 26, Pezodrymadusa magnified (Wern.) ; 27, P. subinermis sp. n.; 28, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 29, P. indivisa sp. n.; 30, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 31, P. lata, sp. n.; 32, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 33, P. sinuata Rme.; 34, P. grisea (Rme.) ; 35, P. diffusa (Rme.) .right cercus; 36, P. stviolata (Rme.) ; 37, P. angorensis (Uv.) ; 38, Anadrymadusa spinicercis (Karab.) ; 39, A. ornatipennis (Rme.) ; 40, A. retowskii (Adel.) ; 41, A. adzharica (Uv.) ; 42, A. brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 43, A. curvicercis (Uv.) ; 44, A. recticauda (Wern.). REVISION OF DR YMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 15 4 (3) Last tergite unicolourous, its appendages short and thin (Text-figs. 46, 47) ; median branches of titillator slender, with small and numerous spines includ- ing their basal parts (Text-figs. 57, 58). 5 (6) Elytra not black, with irregular brown spots ; appendages of last tergite very short and almost parallel (Text-fig. 46) ; cercus as in Text-fig. 27 ; median branches of titillator very thin, with a few fine spines (Text-fig. 57) 2. subinermis sp. n. 6 (5) Elytra black, with irregular creamy spots ; appendages of last tergite long and strongly divergent (Text-fig. 47) ; cercus narrowed gradually to the last third, then slightly thickened, with a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 28) ; median branches of titillator long and strong, with numerous spines (Text-fig. 58) 3. konowi (I. Bolivar) 7 (2) Cercus slightly incurved (Text-figs. 29-32). 8 (9) Apical part of cercus long, strongly convex on the inner side, its outer edge almost straight, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 32) ; appendages of last tergite very long, strongly divergent (Text-fig. 51) ; median branches of titillator short and stout, with very strong teeth (Text-fig. 62) 4. uvarovi sp. n. 9 (8) Apical part of cercus short, not strongly convex on the inner side (Text-figs. 29-31) ; appendages of last tergite not very long, slightly divergent (Text- figs. 48-50). 10 (n) Apical part of cercus subtriangular, with a convexity near apex and a long apical tooth (Text-fig. 29) ; basal parts of titillator fused, its median branches with dense teeth (Text-fig. 59) . . . . . .5. indivisa sp. n. 11 (10) Apical part of cercus rounded (Text-figs. 30, 31). 12 (13) Apical part of cercus subacute, its apical third distinctly convex, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 30) basal branches of titillator very narrow, median branches with numerous spines (Text-fig. 60) ; upper surface of pronotum blackish-brown, except posterior edge of metazona . . 6. kurmana (Ramme) 13 (12) Apical part of cercus round, with a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 31) ; basal branches of titillator wide at the middle, median branches stout and with strong and numerous teeth (Text-fig. 61) ; upper surface of pronotum dirty dark brown .......... 7. lata sp. n. 14 (i) Cercus strongly incurved (Text-figs. 33-37). 15 (18) Apical part of cercus distinctly shorter than the basal (Text-figs. 33, 34). 16 (17) Appendages of last tergite gradually narrowing, weakly divergent (Text-fig. 52) ; apical part of cercus scarcely narrowed to a rounded apex, without distinct knee (Text-fig. 33) (titillator in the paratype missing) . 8. sinuata (Ramme) 17 (16) Appendages of last tergite suddenly narrowed in the apical half, strongly divergent (Text-fig. 53) ; apical part of cercus subacute, with a distinct knee (Text-fig. 34) ; basal branches of titillator very narrow, median branches strong, with a line of strong teeth (Text-fig. 63) . . 9. grisea (Ramme) 18 (15) Cercus with the apical part not shorter than the basal (Text-figs. 35-37). 19 (20) Apical part of cercus short and thick, strongly convex on the inner side (Text- fig. 35) ......... 10. diffusa (Ramme) 20 (19) Apical part of cercus long, tapering (Text-figs. 36, 37). 21 (22) Apical part of cercus as long as basal (Text-fig 36) ; basal branches of titillator very narrow, median branches stout, with strong teeth (Text-fig. 64) ii. striolata (Ramme) 22 (21) Apical part of cercus longer than the basal (Text-fig. 37) ; basal branches of titil- lator wide, median branches with strong teeth (Text-fig. 65) 12. angorensis (Uvarov) T. KARABAG FIGS. 45-55. Last tergite of $. 45, Pezodrymadusa magnified (Wern.) ; 46, P. subinermis sp. n.; 47, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 48, P. indivisa sp. n.; 49, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 50, P. lata sp. n.; 51, P. uvarovisp. n.; 52, P. sinuata (Rme.); 53, P. grisea (Rme.) ; 54, P. striolata (Rme.); 55, P. angorensis (Uv.). REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 17 FIGS. 56-73. (J titillator. 56, Pezodrymadusa magnified (Wern.) ; 57, P. subinermis sp. n.; 58, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 59, P. indivisa sp. n.; 60, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 61, P. /ata sp. n.; 62, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 63, P. grisea (Rme.); 64, P. striolata (Rme.); 65, P. angorensis (Uv.) ; 66, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 67, /4. curvicercis (Uv.) ; 68, ^4. spini- cercis (Karab.) ; 69, ^4. recticauda (Wern.) ; 70, /I. adzharica (Uv.) ; 71, ^4. retowskii (Adel.) ; 72, ^4. ornatipennis (Rme.) ; 73, Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv. i8 T. KARABAG Female 1 (12) VI sternite with a more or less distinct convexity (Text-figs. 86-90). 2 (5) VII sternite with a tubercle or distinct convexity (Text-figs. 86, 87, 97, 98). 3 (4) VI and VII sternites with a distinct tubercle (Text-figs. 86, 97) ; pronotum with typical pattern ; hind femur with a light brown spot on the upper edge near the base, outer surface unicolourous .... sinuata (Ramme) 4 (3) VI sternite with a convexity, VII sternite without tubercle, but its apical part strongly convex (Text-figs. 87, 98) ; pronotum without typical pattern ; hind femur with an elongated black spot on the upper edge near the base and a long black stripe on the middle of outer surface . . . uvarovi sp. n. 5 (2) VII sternite without tubercle and not strongly convex (Text-figs, 88-90, 99-102). 6 (9) Pronotum with typical pattern. FIGS. 74-85. $ left elytra. 74, Pezodrymadusa sinuata (Rme.) ; 75, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 76, P. angorensis (Uv.) ; 77, P. affinis (Bol.) ; 78, P. diffusa (Rme.) ; 79, P. kurmana (Rme.) ; 80, P. subinermis sp. n.; 81, P. indivisa sp. n.; 82, P. striolata (Rme.) ; 83, P. konowi (Bol.) ; 84, P. magnified (Wern.) ; 85, P. grisea (Rme.). 7 (8) Ovipositor longer than half of hind femur, stout (Text-fig. 99) ; hind femur with a small brown spot on the upper edge near the base . angorensis (Uvarov) 8 (7) Ovipositor approximately as long as half of hind femur, slender (Text-fig. 100) ; hind femur with a blackish-brown spot on the upper edge near the base affinis (I. Bolivar) 9 (6) Pronotum without typical pattern. 10 (n) Pronotum uniformly dirty brown ; apical angle of VII sternite almost acute ; apical lobes of subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 89 ; hind femur unicolourous ; apical part of ovipositor as in Text-fig. 101 . . . diffusa (Ramme) 11 (10) Upper surface of pronotum, except posterior edge, blackish-brown ; apical angle of VII sternite rounded ; apical lobes of subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 90 ; hind femur with an elongated dark brown spot on the upper edge ; an elongated dark brown stripe on the outer surface ; apical part of ovipositor as in Text-fig. 102 . . . . . . . kurmana (Ramme) REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 19 12 (i) VI sternite without a convexity (Text-figs. 91-96, 103-108). 13 (14) Elytra (Text-fig. 83) black with a series of whitish spots ; a big black spot on the upper edge of hind femur at the base ; subgenital plate and ovipositor as in Text-figs. 94, 108 konowi (I. Bolivar) 14 (13) Elytra not black, or only outer edge blackish. 15 (22) Pronotum with distinct or very weak typical pattern. 1 6 (21) Pronotum with distinct typical pattern ; metazona not distinctly flattened. Elytra brown with irregular creamy spots. 17 (18) Ovipositor (Text-fig. 103) shorter than half of hind femur ; hind femur marbled in the basal half ........ subinertnis sp. n. 91 96 FIGS. 86-96. - bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 86, Pezodryma- dusa sinuata (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 87, P. uvarovi sp. n.; 88, P. angorensis (Uv.), V-VII sternites ; 89, P. diffusa (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 90, P. kurmana (Rme.), VI-VII sternites : 91, P. subinermis sp. n., VII sternite ; 92, P. indivisa sp. n., VII sternite ; 93, P. striolata (Rme.), VII sternite ; 94, P. konowi (Bol.), VII sternite; 95, P. magnified (Wern.), VII sternite ; 96, P. grisea (Rme.), VII sternite. 1 8 (17) Elytra blackish-brown; ovipositor longer than half of hind femur; hind femur with black spots. 19 (20) Elytra (Text-fig. 84) apically black, without light spots ; hind femur with a small black spot on the upper edge of its base and several black spots on the upper half of its outer surface ; subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 107 ; ovipositor very stout ......... magnified (Werner). 20 (19) Elytra (Fig. 82) not apically black, with irregular light spots ; a blackish-brown spot on the basal part of upper edge of hind femur, outer surface unicolourous ; subgenital plate and ovipositor as in Text-fig. 93, 105 striolata (Ramme) 20 T. KARABAG 21 (16) Pronotum with very weak typical pattern ; metazona distinctly flattened ; elytra (Text-fig. 85) extending a little beyond the middle of second tergite ; hind femur with a big black spot on the basal part of upper edge ; a long blackish-brown spot on the middle of outer surface ; subgenital plate as in Text-fig. 96 ; ovipositor slender (Text-fig. 106), . . . grisea (Brunner) 22 (15) Pronotum without typical pattern, cylindrical ; elytra (Text-fig. 81) reddish- brown, with few small light spots, outer edges blackish ; hind femur uniformly light brown ; subgenital plate and ovipositor as in Text-figs 92, 104 indivisa sp. n. FIGS. 97-108. Ovipositor. 97, Pezodrymadusa sinuata (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 98, P. uvarovi sp. n., VI-VII sternites ; 99, P. angorensis (Uv.), V-VII sternites ; 100, P. affinis (Bol.) ; 101, P. diffusa (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 102, P. kurmana (Rme.), VI-VII sternites ; 103, P. subinermis sp. n.; 104, P. indivisa sp. n. VII sternite ; 105, P. striolata (Rme.) ; 106, P. grisea (Rme.), VII sternite ; 107, P. magnifica (Wern.) ; 1 08, P. konowi (Bol.). i. Pezodrymadusa magnifica (Werner, 1901) 1901. Drymadusa magnifica Werner, Sitzb. mat.-nat. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss. 110 : 290. 1922. Drymadusa magnifica Ebner, A eta soc. Entom. Cechoslov. 20 : 2. 1934. Drymadusa magnifica Uvarov, Eos, 10 : 46. c. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. Pronotum stout ; no shoulder excision ; posterior margin broadly rounded with a shallow REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 21 excision in the middle ; distinct median carina in the second half of metazona. Elytra longer than pronotum. Hind femur stout, relatively long. Last tergite (Text-fig. 45) with a distinct depression on the middle of appendages. Coloration : Face brownish- white, a distinct black band between eyes ; occiput dark brown ; a wide black stripe behind eye. Pronotum with typical pattern, yellowish- brown ; a wide yellowish-brown stripe on the lateral edge of pronotum ; a big dark brown spot on the middle of lateral lobe, dark brown median stripe ; metazona darker ; elytra reddish-brown, laterally and apically black ; first and second femora with irregular black spots ; near the apical part of first and second femur a black ring ; a black ring on the tympanal region ; a brown ring on the apical part of first and second tibiae ; hind femur with a longitudinal stripe, black spots on the outer surface and irregular black spots above the stripe, a big black spot on the basal edge and dark-smokey spot on the middle of the upper edge ; irregular black spots on the middle of inner surface near upper edge ; a dark brown ring near the apical part ; most of tibial spines with black basal spots. Half of first and second tergites black, some irregular dark brown spots on the lateral surface of third tergite ; Qth tergite laterally blackish-brown, last tergite mostly black ; subgenital plate light brown. $. Rather stout ; elytra shorter than pronotum. Coloration as in <$, but darker. Length of body, <$, 26-5-27-3, ?, 34'5~35 ; pronotum, $, 9-5-10-1, ?, 10-2-10-5 ; elytra, , 27-1-28 ; pronotum, 5*7-6-7, $, 5-7-5-9 ; fore femur, <$, 6-5-6-7, $, 7-6 ; hind femur, $, 22-22-9, ?> 24-6-25-2, ovipositor, 12-1-13 mm. Specimens examined : SE. Turkey : Malatya Mountains near Yukaribanassiya (=Yukaribanazi), 1,100-1,600 m., 6 and 7.vii.37, $ (tyP^}, $ (W. Ramme) (Berlin Museum), i <$ (British Museum). 6. Pezodrymadusa lata sp. n. $ (type). Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment, with a distinct median sulcus. Pronotum cylindrical, its posterior margin broadly rounded, lateral carina distinct in the last half of metazona ; first sulcus distinct, typical sulcus roundly curved behind middle of pronotum. Elytra almost as long as prono- tum, extending to the end of 2nd tergite. Legs slender ; hind femur relatively short REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 25 and not very stout. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 50) divergent, cercus cylindrical, slightly incurved, with acute apical spine ; subgenital plate with widely rounded excision, styli cylindrical and very short. General coloration greyish-brown, face greyish- white ; black band between eyes ; first antennal segment dark brown ; occiput grey ; two longitudinal parallel blackish stripes near the middle ; pronotum grey, without typical pattern, lateral edges of pronotal lobes creamy ; black spot on the lateral corner of metazona ; elytra brown, with a large elongated whitish spot on the posterior edge, and some small irregular light spots ; anterior edge darker. Upper surface of femora a little darker than the lower ; hind femur without black or dark brown spots. Tergites marbled ; subgenital plate creamy. Length of body, 28 ; pronotum, 7-9 ; elytra, 7-8 ; fore femur, 7-1 ; hind femur, 25-1 mm. Specimen examined: E. Turkey: Bingol, Karliova, Kiiriik Koyii, 6.viii.i954, i elytra, $, 12, $, 7-2-8-6 ; fore femur, , 7-7-8-1, $, 7-1-7-8 ; hind femur, <, 23-26, $, 22-2-23-1 ; ovipositor, 16-16-4 mm. Specimens examined : Iran : Hadschyabad, i ^ (type), I $ (Coll. Br. V. W., ex. Coll. Lederer), 8170 (Vienna Museum) ; Tal von Kamrud (Mazand.), 17-2,000 m., 23. vi., i <$ (Coll. P. Aellen, 1948), 1950-615; Shahrud (NE. Persia), 30^.914, i $ (Kiritshenko) (British Museum). The structure of pronotum, the shape and length of ovipositor in this species are reminiscent of Paradrymadusa, but other characters are as in Pezodrymadusa. 10. Pezodrymadusa diffusa (Ramme, 1951) 1951. Drymadusa diffusa Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 356. (J. Face whitish-grey, dark brown band between eyes. Posterior edge of pronotum almost straight, greyish-brown marbled. Elytra shorter than pronotum, blackish- brown, with some oval spots. Femora greyish-brown. $ (type). Elytra (Text-fig. 78) shorter than pronotum. Ovipositor longer than half of hind femur, stout, regularly down-curved (Text-fig. 101). Length of body, <$, 24-5, $, 29 ; pronotum, $, 9-2, $, 9-3 ; elytra, $, 8, , 6-7 ; hind femur, <$, 22-1, $, 22-4 ; ovipositor, 13-8 mm. Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Ulukisla, 1,400-1,600 m., I7.vii.i937, i $ (type) (W. Ramme) ; Diimbelek Dagh, i <$ allotype, (Collector ?) (Berlin Museum). 28 T. KARABAG This species is very similar to P. striolata in the shape of cercus and ovipositor, differing mainly by colour and especially by the typical pattern of pronotum. The last tergite of the <$ is much damaged, and the titillator is absent. The species will remain doubtful, until more specimens are available. ii. Pezodrymadusa striolata (Ramme, 1951) 1951. Drymadusa striolata Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 355. <. Elytra a little shorter than pronotum, extending nearly to the end of third tergite. Subgenital plate almost as long as wide. $. Elytra (Text-fig. 82) extending to the middle of second tergite, shorter than pronotum. Ovipositor (Text-fig. 105) longer than half of hind femur. Face whitish-brown, a big brown spot on the occiput ; black band between eyes ; black stripe behind eye ; two fine black and parallel median lines on the pronotum ; transverse blackish spot on the metazona ; yellowish-brown transverse band near posterior edge of metazona. Elytra dirty brown, with some light spots. Abdomen and legs uniformly brown. Length of body, $, 30-6, ?, 32-2 ; pronotum, <$, 9-1, $, 9-9 ; elytra, $, 9, ?, 7-2 ; hind femur, <, 22-1, $, 23 ; ovipositor, 13 mm. Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Nigde, Utsch Kapular (=tJ9kapular) Dagh, 18, 21 and 24.vii.i937, i $ (type), i $ (paratype) (W. Ramme) (Berlin Museum). 12. Pezodrymadusa angorensis (Uvarov, 1930) 1930. Drymadusa angorensis Uvarov, Eos, 6 : 353. <. Metazona short, weakly convex ; shoulder excision weak, rounded. Elytra reaching the apex of the third tergite. Subgenital plate obtusely excised behind. General coloration pale brown (some specimens light brown with dark brown pattern) . Face uniformly pale (in some specimens light creamy) ; black fascia between eyes ; black line on the middle of metazona extending to its end ; indistinct typical pattern on the pronotum (in some specimens very distinct) ; (some specimens have light edge of lateral pronotal lobes) ; elytra with brownish (some specimens greenish- creamy) with lighter spots. A pale brown ring near the apices of femora ; a blackish- brown spot on the upper basal edge of hind femur. Tergites with blackish design (some specimens with blackish-brown and whitish spots on the tergites). $. Robust. Pronotum stout ; elytra (Text-fig. 76), reaching middle of second tergite. Subgenital plate with acutangular excision, surrounded by a depression ; ovipositor (Text-fig. 99) very stout, regularly down-curved. Coloration darker than in <$, typical pattern on the pronotum very distinct. Length of body, $, 31-32-5, $, 33-1-36-6 ; pronotum, <, 9-10, $, 9-8-10-9 ; elytra, $, 8-2-10, $ 7-4 ; fore femur, <$, 7-1-7-8, $, 8-9 ; hind femur, ^, 22-8-23-7, $, 25-1-27-6 ; ovipositor, 13-8-14-3 mm. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 29 Specimens examined : Turkey : Ankara, Beypazari, i ^ (type) (Sureya Bey) ; Asia Minor: between Ankara and Changri (=Cankiri), Kai-Dagh, io.vii.i93i, 2 9 (B. P. Uvarov) (British Museum); Ankara: Etlik, I9.vii.i939, i ^, 2 9 ; Ayasbeli, n.vii.i939, i <, i $ ; Hacikadin deresi, 22. vi. 1948 ; i ^ (T. Karabag) (Zoological Institute, University of Ankara) ; Hasanoglan, 130 km., from Ankara, 8.vii.i959, i 9 (K. Guichard) (British Museum). Ramme (1951) recorded this species from Ankara, Emir-Gol, 1936, i 9 (M. Tolunay). 13. Pezodrymadusa affinis (I. Bolivar, 1899) 1899. Drymadusa affinis I. Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 431 : 601. 9- Pro- and metazona of pronotum convex, metazona weakly flattened ; shoulder excision shallow ; posterior edge of pronotum very broadly rounded. Elytra (Text- fig. 77) very small, extending to the end of first tergite. Hind femur relatively short, slender. Ovipositor (Text-fig. 100) relatively short, regularly down-curved. y General coloration light brown, face unicolourous (but a dark brown band on the face) ; dark brown fascia between eyes distinct ; longitudinal brown stripe behind eye ; typical pronotal pattern distinct, a longitudinal median dark brown stripe on the pronotum ; elytra dark brown, with irregular light spots ; legs light brown, a big blackish-brown spot on the basal upper edge of hind femur. Length of body, 30-30-8 ; pronotum, 9-8 ; elytra, 5 ; fore femur. 8-9-1 ; hind femur, 24-9-25-1 ; ovipositor, 12-4-13 mm. Specimens examined: S. Turkey: Bimbogha-Dagh (=Binbuga dagi), i 9 (type) (Escalera) (Mus. Madrid) ; Utch-Kapular Dag (=tJ9kapular daig), Nigde, S. Anatolia, 900-1,400 m., 18., 21. and 28.vii.i937, i 9 (W. Ramme) (British Museum). Ramme (1951) discussed this species, and compared it with P. angorensis. Bolivar described this species from a single female. Abdomen of the type is in bad condition, and Text-fig. 100 is that of a female from Utch-Kapular Dagh, determined by Ramme. Until more specimens of both sexes are obtained the status of this species will be uncertain. IV. ANADRYMADUSA gen. n. Type : Drymadusa spinicercis (Karabag, 1956). Fastigium of vertex with fine median sulcus. A black transverse fascia between eyes. First sulcus of pronotum distinct, typical sulcus almost in the middle of pro- notum ; a transverse depression behind the typical sulcus ; median carina absent or very weak. Elytra fully developed (except A . brevipennis, A . retowskii, A . ornati- pennis, A. albomaculata) . c. Appendages of last tergite long, spine-like (except A. adzharica). Cercus mostly very long and with enlarged basal articulation. Subgenital plate with deep roundly-angular excision. 9- Last tergite with long spine-like appendages. Between VII sternite and sub- genital plate there is a bi-concave ventral plate (except A. retowskii). Subgenital plate with a deep acutangular or subacute excision. Ovipositor very long, almost straight or slightly down-curved. 30 T. KARABAG DISTRIBUTION. Greek islands (Syra and Samos) ; Turkey ; Caucasus ; Iran and Crimea. Three species : retowskii, adzharica and ornatipennis are included in this genus with some hesitation. KEY TO SPECIES Male I (8) Appendages of last tergite very long, spine-like and strongly divergent (Text-figs. 109-111). 115 FIGS. 109-115. (^ last tergite. 109, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; no, A. spini- cercis (Karab.) ; in, A. recticauda (Wern.) ; 112, A. curvicercis (Uv.) ; 113, A. adzharica (Uv.) ; USA, apical part of last tergite in profile ; 114, A. retowskii (Adel.) ; 115, A. ornatipennis (Rme.). REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 2 (3) Elytra shorter than pronotum ; last tergite very narrow, its appendages swollen near apices, with a long and strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 109) ; cercus very long, rectangularly curved, length of its apical part almost equal to the basal part, with a long and strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 42) ; basal branches of titillator narrow, median branches compressed laterally, with a double line of strong numerous spines (Text-fig. 66) . . . i. brevipennis (Br.-W.) 3 (2) Elytra much longer than pronotum (or much longer than abdomen) ; last tergite not very narrow. 4 (5) External margin of wings infumate ; IX tergite with acutangular projection, appendages of last tergite as Text-fig. 112 ; cercus very long, slender, strongly upcurved, its apical part much longer than basal, with a small apical tooth (Text-fig. 43) ; basal branches of titillator fused, median branches with strong spines (Text-fig. 67) . . . . . 2. curvicercis (Uvarov) 5 (4) External margin of wings not infumate ; IX tergite without a median acutan- gular projection. 118 FIGS. 116-119. $ left elytra. 116, Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W.) ; 117. A. retowskii (Adel) ; 118, A. ornatipennis (Rme.) ; 119, A. albomaculata (Karab.). 6 (7) Elytra much longer than abdomen ; appendages of last tergite strongly divergent, but apically incurved (Text-fig, no) ; cercus conical, with a large tooth before the apex (Text-fig. 38) ; basal branches of titillator as in Text-fig. 68, median branches covered with dense teeth . . 3. spinicercis (Karabag) 7 (6) Elytra shorter or a little longer than abdomen ; appendages of last tergite strongly divergent behind middle (Text-fig, in) ; cercus obtusangularly incurved with a distinct convexity near its middle and a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 44) ; basal branches of titillator slender, median branches with a line of strong teeth (Text-fig. 69) . . . . 4. recticauda (Werner) 8 (i) Appendages of last tergite not very long, down-curved, incurved, or straight (Text-figs. 113-115). 9 (10) Elytra shorter than pronotum ; appendages of last tergite incurved in half circle (Text-fig. 114) ; cercus upcurved also in half circle (Text-fig. 40) ; titillator small and very slender, median branches with few spines (Text-fig. 71) 5. retowskii (Adelung) 10 (9) Elytra longer than pronotum ; appendages of last tergite divergent or straight (Text-fig. 113, 115) ; cercus slightly or strongly incurved (Text-fig. 41, 42) ; titillator stout (Text-figs. 70, 72). 32 T. KARABAG 11 (12) Appendages of last tergite strongly decurved (Text-figs. 113, H3A) ; cercus slightly incurved, with a distinct swelling at the last third of inside, and a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 41), median branches of titillator with strong teeth (Text-fig. 70) ........ 6. adzharica (Uvarov) 12 (n) Appendages of last tergite straight (Text-fig. 115) ; cercus strongly incurved, with a distinct knee at the last third and a strong apical tooth (Text-fig. 42) ; median branches of titillator long, with large teeth at the median line (Text- fig. 72) ........ 7. ornatipennis (Ramme.) Females 1 (8) Elytra longer than half of body. 2 (3) External margin of wings distinctly infumate ; IV-VII sternites convex poster- iorly ; bi-concave ventral plate longer than subgenital plate, with a large median carina ; lobes of subgenital plate with straight apical edge (Text-fig. 128) . . . . . . . . . . curvicercis (Uvarov) 3 (2) External margin of wings not infumate. 4 (5) Elytra extend beyond the hind knee ; bi-concave ventral plate much shorter than subgenital plate, its median carina short ; subgenital plate much longer than wide (Text-fig. 124) . *\ ..'"*., spinicercis (Karabag) 5 (4) Elytra do not reach the hind knee. 6 (7) V sternite without two swellings ; VII sternite strongly convex in the apical part ; bi-concave ventral plate much shorter than subgenital plate ; subgenital plate longer than wide (Text-fig. 136) ; ovipositor longer than 2^ times the pronotum, straight ....... recticauda (Werner) 7 (6) V sternite with two swellings posteriorly ; VII sternite very narrow with a low convexity ; ovipositor shorter than 2 J times the pronotum, its upper edge straight, lower edge slightly concave .... adzharica (Uvarov) 8 (i) Elytra shorter than half of body. 9 (12) Elytra equal to or longer than pronotum. 10 (n) Elytra as in Text-fig. 119 ; appendages of last tergite long (Text-fig. 123) ; V-VII sternites with a shallow median furrow, subgenital plate with a weak furrow in the apical half (Text-fig. 126) . . . albomaculata (Karabag) 11 (10) Elytra as in Text-fig. 118 ; appendages of last tergite short, V-VII sternites with a very distinct and wide median furrow ; subgenital plate with a very distinct median furrow (Text-fig. 127) . . . ornatipennis (Ramme) 12 (9) Elytra shorter than pronotum. 13 (14) Bi-concave ventral plate present, subgenital plate with median and apical swelling (Text-fig. 129) ; ovipositor stout and straight brevipennis (Brunner) 14 (13) Ventral plate not bi-concave but a single transverse shiny structure ; subgenital plate with a weak median carina (Text-fig. 125) ; ovipositor slightly down- curved ......... retowskii (Adelung) i. Anadrymadusa brevipennis (Br.-W., 1882) 1882. Drymadusa brevipennis Brunner- Wattenwyl, Prodr. eur. Orthopt. : 314, 315. Pronotum robust, its posterior edge rounded, first sulcus distinct, typical sulcus very weak, roundly curved nearly at the middle of pronotum. <$ subgenital plate longer than wide, with rounded shallow excision, styli long and slender. $ elytra as in Text-fig. 116. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 33 130 FIGS. 120-130. $. 120, Anadrymadusa curvicercis (Uv.), appendages of last tergite ; 121, A. spinicercis (Karab.), ditto; 122, A. recticauda (Wern.) ; 123, A. albomaculata (Karab.), ditto. 124-130, bi-concave plate, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. 124, A. spinicercis (Karab.), VII sternite ; 125, A. retowskii (Adel.), VII sternite ; 126, A. albomaculata (Karab.), VI-VII sternites ; 127, A. ornatipennis (Rme.), V-VII sternites ; 128, A. curvicercis (Uv.), I V-VII sternite; 129, A. brevipennis (Br.-W.), VII sternite ; 130, A. recticauda (Wern.), VII sternite. 34 T. KARABAG General coloration reddish-brown, face unicolourous, typical fascia between eyes indistinct, some brown spots behind eyes, a long and narrow black spot on the lateral side of metazona. $ hind femur with some blackish-brown short stripes in two lines on the basal upper edge, $ with smaller blackish-brown spots on the basal upper edge of hind femur. Length of body, $, 31-4-34, $, 36-38-4 ; pronotum, <$, n, $, n-n-8 ; elytra, <, 9-10, ?, 9-9-3 ; fore femur, $, 9-9-1, $, 9-6-9-9 ; hind femur, <$, 26-28, $, 29-30-1 ; ovipositor, 21-5-22-4 mm. Specimens examined : Greek islands : Syra, 2 <$, 2 $ (Coll. Br.) (Mus. Vienna). Ramme recorded this species also from the islands of Kea, Kythnos, Polivos, Andros, Paros, Antiparos, Amorgas and Skyros, but did not mention where the specimens are. It would be of interest to examine them, since some of them may be different species or subspecies. 2. Anadrymadusa curvicercis (Uv., 1916) 1916. Drymadusa curvicercis Uvarov, Bull. Mus. Caucasus, X : 8. 1951. Drymadusa curvicercis Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 352 (Partim). Fastigium of vertex elongate, prominent forward, with distinct median sulcus. Pronotum relatively short, laterally depressed ; its posterior edge rounded ; with a distinct transverse depression behind the typical sulcus ; first sulcus very distinct ; typical sulcus distinct, roundly curved behind middle of prontoum. c^. Elytra extend beyond hind knee. Hind femur relatively short, but stout. Subgenital plate much longer than wide, with conical styli. $. Elytra extend a little beyond the hind knee ; hind femur more stout than in ; cercus long and regularly incurved, its apex pointed (acute) appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 120) very long and spine-like. Ovipositor much longer than half of hind femur, stout, very slightly down-curved, regularly narrowing to apex. Coloration testaceous-reddish-brown ; face uniformly reddish-creamy ; black fascia between eyes, orbits of eyes black ; blackish stripe behind eye. Typical pattern of pronotum distinct ; blackish big spot on the lateral lobes, reddish-creamy stripe on the lateral edge of lateral lobes ; longitudinal median black stripe on the disc ; elytra testaceous, with irregular whitish and small dark brown spots ; hind femur marbled. $ lighter than <$, smoky fascia of wings darker than in ^ ; legs light brown. Length of body, J, 40, ?, 42 ; pronotum, J, 9-7, $, 11-2 ; elytra, <, 40-5, ?, 45-1 ; fore femur, ^, 10, $, 12 ; hind femur, <, 35-2, ?, 39 ; ovipositor, 28-3 mm. Specimens examined : Iran : Bakhtiaria, Radjoh-Tchal Tcharaneh, viii.1950, i , i $ (Hakim) (Mus. Leningrad). Uvarov described this species from Kurdistan : Biare and Senie 3 ^, 2 $ (P. Nesterov). This beautiful insect looks superficially like Ceraeocercus, but differs from it especially by ^ cercus and bi-concave ventral plate of $. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 35 3. Anadrymadusa spinicercis (Karabag, 1956) 1956. Drymadusa spinicercis Karabag, Comm. Fac. Sci. Ankara, Serie C, 5 : 7. $. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. Pro- and meso- zona of pronotum weakly convex ; metazona flattened, with median carina on metazona ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus curved in angle behind middle of pronotum. Elytra well developed, wings very broad, semicircular. Coloration brown, face lighter, unicolourous ; frons with complete black band between eyes, which continues behind them ; pronotum above with typical pattern ; large blackish-brown spot on the lateral lobe of pronotum ; elytra with a series of round whitish spots and smaller white markings. A blackish-brown ring near the apex of femora, hind femur with a dark brown spot on the basal edge of upper edge, irregular pale brown spots and stripes on the outer surface. $. Median carina very weak on metazona. Hind femur very strong. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 121) long and spine-like, almost parallel. Subgenital plate large, with a deep subacute excision, its lobes concave ; ovipositor much longer than h&lf of hind femur. Coloration as in <$. Length of body, $, 39-2-40-5, $, 41-42 ; pronotum, <, 10-11, $, 10-2-12 ; elytra, <$, 41-42, $, 49-52-5 ; fore femur, <$, n-8, ?, 13-2 ; hind femur, <, 38-40, $, 38-9- 42-4 ; ovipositor, 30 mm. Specimens examined : SW. Turkey ; Denizli province : Cal, Ucbas Koyii 23. vi. 1952, 2 $ (including type), 2 $ (British Museum) ; Hatay S. Turkey Yayla dagi, Yukar Tingir Koyii, 28. vi. 1952, i $, Mersin : Cevlik Koyii, 2.vii.i952, i ; Antalya- Alaiye i6.viii.i952, i $ (0. K. Giilen) (Zool. Inst. Univ. of Ankara). 4. Anadrymadusa recticauda (Werner, 1903) 1903. Drymadusa recticauda Werner, Zool. Anz. 26 : 530. 1939. Drymadusa recticauda Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 : 65. 1951. Drymadusa recticauda Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 27 : 252. <$. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, suddenly narrowed in front, with distinct median sulcus. Pronotum stout, posterior edge broadly rounded, lateral lobes longer than wide ; first sulcus very distinct ; typical sulcus acutely curved behind the middle of pronotum, a weak median carina on metazona, lateral carina distinct in metazona ; shoulder excision distinct. Elytra reaching end of abdomen (in some specimens much longer). Hind femur relatively stout, subgenital plate longer than wide, with a deep roundly-angular excision, styli long and cylindrical. General coloration dirty brown ; face uniformly light brown ; black band between eyes distinct ; blackish-brown band behind eye ; occiput dirty brown ; pronotum with very weak typical pattern, its upper surface until upper half of lateral lobes dark brown, lower half light brown ; black median stripe on the metazona ; black spot on the corner of shoulder excision. Elytra dirty brown, with irregular whitish- brown round spots in a line along the middle ; a dark brown ring near the apical part 36 T. KARABAG of fore and mid femora ; short transverse black stripes on the upper edge near base of hind femur ; outer surface of hind femur marbled. $. Elytra reaching end of abdomen, or a little beyond it (in some specimens much longer) ; appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 122) long. Hind femur stouter than in $ ; ovipositor nearly as long as hind femur. Coloration as in <, but typical pattern of pronotum more distinct. Length of body, <$, 38-2-42, $, 37-2-44 ; pronotum, <, 10-5-11-9, $, 10-9-12-1 ; elytra, ^, 25-7-37-1, $, 26-1-39-3 ; fore femur, ^, 11-5-12-1, $, 11-3-12-2 ; hind femur, <$, 37-40-1, $, 38-1-41-2 ; ovipositor, 32-36 mm. Specimens examined : S. Turkey, Adana, 1904, i $, i $ (Ramme det.) (Berlin Mus.) ; Mersin, 22.vii.i952, I <, 2 $ ; Hatay, Yayladagi, Yukaritingir Koyti, 28. vi. 1952, i c?, Tarsus, Acikova Koyii, 25.vii.i952, i $ (0. K. Giilen) (Zoolog. Inst. Univ. of Ankara) ; Mara-G6ksun, i8.vii.i95i, i , i $ (0 K. Giilen), (Brit. Mus.) ; Mersin, 22.vii.i952, i <, 2 $ (0. K. Giilen) (Zoolog. Inst. Univ. of Ankara). Werner described this species from a single female from Afiun-Karahissar (= Afyon- karahisar) (leg. Forgetto), but the type is missing. He also recorded i $ from Latakia, N. Syria, which I have not seen. Ramme (1939, 1951) gave a description based on < and $ from Adana, which I have examined. My illustrations are of <$ from Mersin and $ from Adana. Until $ and $ specimens from Afiun-Karahissar (=Afyonkara- hisar) are studied, one cannot be quite certain whether my interpretation of the species is correct. Adelung (Hor. Soc. ent. Ross., 1907 : 72) recorded i $ larva from Bortsch'cha (NE. Turkey) and i $ larva from Singot (Batum), but such records are obviously doubtful. 5. Anadrymadusa retowskii (Adelung, 1907) 1907. Paradrymadusa retowskii Adelung, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Petersb. 12 : 403. 1929. Drymadusa retowskii Miram, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. U.R.S.S. : 461. (J. Fastigium of vertex a little narrower than first antennal segment, with fine median sulcus. Pronotum of the same width throughout ; posterior edge broadly rounded ; metazona flattened, first sulcus distinct, typical sulcus roundly curved a little behind middle of pronotum ; no median carina ; lateral carina distinct at the metazona ; transverse depression behind typical sulcus distinct ; shoulder excision shallow. Elytra reaching a little beyond second tergite Hind femur relatively short. Appendages of last tergite down-curved, apically spine-like, very acute ; a wide depression in the middle of last tergite. Subgenital plate with a deep subacute excision. General coloration light brown (some specimens dirty brown) ; face uniformly whitish-brown, black band between eyes ; occiput very weakly marbled ; pronotum with typical pattern ; a longitudinal creamy spot on the posterior edge of lateral lobe and blackish spot over it ; elytra dark brown, with a series of round light spots, and a few small irregular spots ; hind femur marbled on the upper half, light brown in the lower half ; apical part of appendages of last tergite reddish-brown. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 37 $. Elytra as in Text-fig. 117. Ovipositor approximately as long as hind femur, regularly down-curved. Coloration as in <$, but typical pattern of pronotum weaker in some specimens ; elytra with one or two small round light spots ; apical part of ovipositor edged with black. Length of body, < 29.1-35-5, ?, 39-41; pronotum, <, 9-4-10-1, $, 10-2-11 ; elytra, <$, 8-4-9-1, $, 7-8-8-1 ; fore femur, <, 8-1-8-9, ? 9' 1 ~9'4 i nm d femur, <, 25-26-3, $, 28-9-29-1 ; ovipositor, 26-26-4 mm. Specimens examined: Crimea: Karadagh, 14. ix. 1929, 2 <$, i $ (S. Fedorov), 23.viii.i923, i ^, i $ (V. Boldyrev) (Brit. Mus.). Adelung described this species from a single female from Aluschta (S. coast of Crimea). Miram (1929) gave description of $. I include it in Anadrymadusa, although the female ventral plate is of unique structure, and a distinct genus may be required when the whole group is better known. 6. Anadrymadusa adzharica (Uvarov, 1934) 1934. Drymadusa adzharica Uvarov, Eos, 10 : 48. 1939. Drymadusa adzharica Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (i) : 66. c. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, with distinct median sulcus. Pronotum flattened at metazona ; first sulcus of pronotum very distinct, typical sulcus curved, a parabola behind middle of pronotum, posterior edge of pronotum round ; median carina very weak at metazona ; transverse depression behind typical sulcus very distinct ; lateral carina distinct on metazona ; shoulder excision shallow. Elytra extending to base of eighth tergite. Hind femur stout, but relatively short. Appendages of last tergite almost hook-like ; subgenital plate with a triangular emargination. General coloration pale greyish-buff ; face uniformly creamy-brown, black band between eyes ; pronotum with typical pattern ; upper part of pronotal lobes reddish- brown, lower part light ; corner of shoulder excision blackish-brown. Elytra inde- finitely marked with blackish-brown, brown and pale-buff, two oblong brown spots on a pale background in apical third of discoidal area. Hind femur with series of small brown dots along the middle of outer surface ; a series of transverse black- brown spots on the upper edge of base. Length of body 41 ; pronotum 12-5 ; elytra 24 ; fore femur n ; hind femur 34-5 mm. Specimen examined: NE. Turkey: Lomasheni near Artvin, 28. vi. 1911, i <$ (J. Voronov) (British Museum). Uvarov described this species from a single male, and gave only measurements of female. Ramme (1939) described the female from Kvartschana (NE. Turkey : Tchorokh Province), 5.vii.i9ii (Berlin Mus.), which I could not examine, and Ramme 's data are used in my key. 38 T. KARA BAG 7. Anadrymadusa ornatipennis (Ramme, 1926) 1926. Paradrymadusa ornatipennis Ramme, Deut. ent. Zeitschr. : 282. 1939. Drymadusa ornatipennis Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (i) : 67. cJ. Pronotum long, cylindrical ; posterior edge broadly rounded ; metazona flattened, median carina absent ; lateral carina weak, only at posterior end of meta- zona ; shoulder excision rather distinct. Elytra longer than pronotum, extending to middle of IV tergite. Appendages of last tergite crossed apically (possibly the effect of drying). Subgenital plate with round excision. Black band between eyes ; pronotum with weak typical pattern, dark yellowish- brown spots on the pronotal lobes, its posterior edge dirty yellow, a broad and weak darkish median line ; elytra dark brown, with a series of small round yellowish spots, and some irregular whitish spots near posterior edge ; dark brown ring near the apices of femora and bases of tibiae ; spines of femora blackish-brown. $. Large. Pronotum stouter and wider, elytra longer than in $ ; lateral carina very weak, metazona not flattened. Legs stouter and longer, hind femur very strong. Pronotum uniformly light dirty brown, without typical pattern ; dark stripe on the outer surface of hind femur. Length of body, <$, 32-6, $, 42-8 ; pronotum, $, 9-1, , 12-1 ; elytra, <, n-i, 9, 12 ; hind femur, <$, 31, $, 37-2 ; hind tibia, <$, 31, $, 36-6 ; ovipositor, 28 mm. Specimens examined: Greek islands: Samos (Marathokanpos) , i $, 1887 (v. Oertzen) (type) ; Nisyros (S. Sporaden), i $ (v. Oertzen) (Berlin Mus.) ; Xantha, i $ (British Mus.). Ramme records (1926) from Symi (S. Sporaden), i $ and Chios (Volissos), i ?. This species is described by Ramme from one male from Samos, one male (paratype) from Symi (S. Sporaden), one female from Chios (Volissos) and one female fromNisyros (S. Sporaden), but I am not sure that the two females which I studied belong to this species. Until a female from the type locality (Samos) is studied the problem remains open. Ramme (1939) recorded this species also from SW. Anatolia (Fethie = Makri), Gocek, 6. viii. 1930, i $ (R. Delmas) (Mus. Alexander Koenig in Bonn), but I have not seen this specimen and regard the record as improbable. 8. Anadrymadusa albomaculata (Karabag, 1956) 1956. Drymadusa albomaculata Karabag, Com. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara, (C), 5 : 8. $. Fastigium of vertex wider than first antennal segment, with distinct median sulcus. Pronotum relatively small, its posterior edge almost straight, pro- and meso- zona slightly convex, metazona flat, first sulcus very distinct, typical sulcus roundly excised behind the middle of pronotum, median carina weak at the metazona, lateral carina distinct in metazona ; transverse depression almost in the middle of metazona ; shoulder excision distinct. Elytra much longer than pronotum, reaching the middle of V tergite, with a series of 3-4 round white spots. Ovipositor almost three times the length of pronotum. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 39 General coloration brown, face reddish light brown ; frons with a black band between eyes ; pronotum uniformly brown, a light long spot below shoulder excision edge ; femora with dark brown pre-apical rings. Length of body, 32-6 ; pronotum, 9-5 ; elytra, 13-4 ; hind femur, 33 ; hind tibia, 32-3 ; ovipositor, 27-8 mm. Specimen examined : SW. Turkey, Mugla : Fethiye, c. 300-600 m., 15^1.1953, i $ (type) (K. Erel) (British Museum). I described this species from a single female, but the male of this distinct insect remains unknown. V. CERAEOCERCUS Uvarov, 1910 1910. Ceraeocercus Uvarov, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 39 : 381. !939- Ceraeocercus Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (i) : 61. Fastigium of vertex flattened above, almost as wide as first antennal segment, gradually narrowed at the front, with very fine median sulcus. Pronotum (Text-figs, 6, 6A), with flat metazona, its posterior edge almost straight, or/very broadly rounded ; no median carina ; lateral carina very distinct on the metazona ; shoulder excision distinct ; first sulcus distinct ; typical sulcus also distinct, but interrupted in the middle, each branch ending in a round pit ; a trans- verse depression behind typical sulcus. Elytra and wing much longer than half of abdomen. c. Last tergite (Text-figs. 131, I3IA) very large, with very broad lobes, its middle parts with distinct depression. Cercus (Text-fig. 132) cylindrical, without enlarged basal articulation, strongly incurved at the middle, two-branched at the apical part, second branch is on the upper side, both ending in very acute spine. Face uniformly whitish, no continued black fascia between eyes ; only orbits of eyes and antennal sockets black, or blackish-brown ; front surface of fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons same colour as the face. Elytra with blackish and creamy-buff irregular spots. $. Ovipositor much longer than half of hind femur, regularly down-curved. DISTRIBUTION. Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Hindukush. KEY TO SUBSPECIES 1 (2) Elytra and wing do not reach hind knee ; wings black i. fuscipennis fuscipennis Uvarov 2 (i) Elytra and wing extend beyond hind knee ; wings brown with lighter fenestra- tion . . . . . . 2. fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme i. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uvarov, 1910 1910. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis Uvarov, Hor. Soc. ent. Ross. 39 : 382. $. Fastigium of vertex a little wider than first antennal segment. First sulcus of pronotum very distinct ; typical sulcus roundly curved a little behind middle of pronotum. Elytra reaching end of abdomen (in some specimens longer). Hind legs 40 T. KARABAG relatively short and slender. Subgenital plate with deep subacute excision, styli conical (Text-fig. 133). General coloration creamy-brown, orbits of eyes and antennal sockets blackish- brown ; occiput blackish marbled ; blackish-brown stripe behind eye ; disc of pronotum with typical pattern and with two blackish parallel fine median lines ; typical sulcus and its pits are black ; lower half of lateral lobes creamy-brown ; a creamy spot below the shoulder excision. Elytra blackish-brown, with buff-creamy markings ; first and second femora uniformly light brown ; hind femur with brown marbled upper edge and a series of brown spots along the middle of outer surface ; lower surface of tarsus dark brown. 135 FIGS. 131-136. 131, Ceraeocercus fuscipennis fuscipennis Uv., $ last tergite ; I3IA, apical parts of appendages in profile ; 132, left cercus ; 133, subgenital plate ; 134, $ last tergite ; 135, left cercus ; 136, VII sternite, subgenital plate and basis of ovipositor. $. Appendages of last tergite (Text-fig. 134) broadly triangular, their apices pointed ; cercus (Text-fig. 135) long and conical, regularly incurved, not branched. Ovipositor longer than twice the length of pronotum (in some specimens much longer). Coloration as in $. Length of body, , 33-37-5, ?, 35-42 ; pronotum, , 9-1-9-4, $, 8-8-10-3 ; elytra, c. 26-3-29-8, $, 26-37-3 ; fore femur, <$, 9-3-10-1, $, 9-4-11 ; hind femur, $, 26-30-7, $, 27-1-34-9 ; ovipositor, 22-28-3 mm. REVISION OF DRYMADUSA STEIN AND RELATED GENERA 41 Specimens examined : U.S.S.R. : Kazakhstan, Gurief Reg., Lake Inder, 22 . vi. 1951, i g (topotype) (U. A. Chetyrkina) ; N. slope of Saur Mts. 1,100-1,200 m., 3i.viii- 5-ix.i946, I <$, i $ (Krijanovskyi) (Bei-Bienko det.) ; Barsa Kilmes, Aral Sea, 2-12. vii. 1928, i <$ (Nazarof) ; N. slopes of Dzhungar Alatau, E. Kazakhstan, 1,800-2,000 m., 20 Km. Or. Tentek, vii. 1947, i $ (Bei-Bienko) (Leningrad Mus.) ; Central Asia: Fergana, Vuadil, 28.^.1913, i $ (Collect. ?) (British Museum); Krasnovodsk, Turkmenia, 21. vi. 1932, i $ (Coll. Zool. Inst.) ; Kara-Tau, io.vi.32, i $ (Pravdin) ; Alexandrovski range, 25.viii.3i, i <$ (Veltistshev) (Leningrad Mus.) ; Iran : Shakhrud, vi.i9i4, i $ (Kinitshenko) (Uvarov det.) (British Mus.) ; N. Iran : Khorasan, i <$, i $ (Predtetshenski) (Leningrad Mus.). This interesting species was described by Uvarov from the Lake Inder, but the species is widely distributed. Specimens from different localities differ, especially in the length of elytra and ovipositor, and pattern of head and pronotum. I regard all the specimens which I have examined as the same subspecies, but further studies of more abundant material are necessary. 2. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme, 1939 1939. Ceraeocercus fuscipennis hindukushanus Ramme, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 24 (i) : 61. <. More slender. Elytra very long and gradually narrowed ; wings large, a little shorter than elytra. Legs relatively long and slender, hind femur very slender. Coloration brown with creamy-buff pattern ; metazona darker than pro- and meso- zona, with pale brown median stripe ; lower half of lateral pronotal lobes yellowish- brown, upper corner of shoulder excision with a blackish-brown spot, below it a light stripe on the posterior edge of the pronotal lobe ; elytra blackish-brown, with creamy markings; and a series of oval whitish spots along the middle ; femora greyish-brown. $. As in J. Ovipositor longer than 2\ times length of pronotum, slightly decurved. Coloration as in . Length of body, , 40, $, 36-5 ; pronotum, <, 9-3, $, 10-6 ; elytra, <, 49, $, 45-1 ; fore femur, <$, 11-7, $, 12 ; hind femur, <$, 34-9, $, 37-3 ; ovipositor, 28-6 mm. Specimens examined : Kondar Gorge, Tadzhikistan, n.vii.37, i <$, i $ (Gussa- kovskii) (Leningrad Museum). This subspecies was described by Ramme from W. Hindukush, Andarab, Banu distr., 2,000-2,500 m., viii.1936, i $, and $ of/, longipennis from E. -Hindukush (Badachschan), Sebak.-Tal (Alpine zone), 2,800-3,000 m. Unfortunately I have not seen the type of this subspecies, which differs by the longer elytra, particularly in /. longipennis, and by brown wings with lighter fenestration. ENTOM. II, I. THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) THERESA CLAY BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 2 LONDON: 1961 THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) BY THERESA CLAY V^M British Museum (Natural History) Pp. 43-58 ; Plates 1-3 ; 19 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 2 LONDON: 1961 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in Jive series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical Series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. n, No. 2 of the Entomological series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. Trustees of the British Museum, 1961 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued October 1961 Price Ten shillings THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) By THERESA CLAY NEW SPECIES OF HOLOMENOPON EICHLER, 1941 (MENOPONIDAE) THE genus Holomenopon is known only from the bird order Anseriformes, although it seems to be nearly related to Austromenopon found on the Charadriiformes. It differs from this latter genus by the presence of a fourth head sensillus (see Clay, 1961), by the jagged edge of the prosternal plate (Text-fig. 3), and the tendency in the male to have more than one row of abdominal tergal setae. Both Holo- menopon and Austromenopon have only two short mesothoracic setae and the meso- thoracic plate is reduced to two irregular sclerites round these setae with an area of toothed integument posteriorly (Text-fig. 4). There are a number of forms of Holomenopon distinguishable from each other mainly by the tergal chaetotaxy of the males ; however, it has not been found possible at the present time to resolve the nomenclature of most of these owing to the lack of an adequate series of authentic material from Anas crecca, the host of H. leucoxanthum (Burmeister, 1838) the earliest described form. The present new species is, however, quite distinct from any other known species of Holomenopon by its size, asymmetry of the male abdomen and the characters of the genital region of the female. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Type host : Anseranas semipalmata (Latham). MALE. As shown in Text-figs. 1-7. Head with sensilli 1 1-4 present ; in other species of Holomenopon examined there is no sensillus 4 associated with the usual seta but there is a sensillus posterior to this seta lying in the centre of the head each side of the vertical mid line. The setae associated with sensillus 3 and 4 are surrounded by a line which perhaps represents the border of a less heavily sclerotized area. Lingual and sitaphore sclerites of the hypopharynx reduced ; pharyngeal crest not apparent ; antenna as in Text-fig. 2. Prosternal (Text-fig. 3) and meso- sternal (Text-fig. 4) plates as in the figures. Mesothorax well defined dorsally with anterior mesothoracic setae (see Clay, 1961) 4 in number, small and lying 1 These circular clear areas of the head and those associated with the post-spiracular setae have previously been referred to as sensilli although their true function is unknown. It might be more satisfactory to use a neutral term such as " leucodisc ", but in order not to change the terminology of the taxonomically important ones of the head and abdomen the term sensilli will continue to be used for these. THERESA CLAY FIG. i. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Male. A horizontal line across a seta indicates that it is broken, a dotted line that it has been completed from another specimen. THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 47 close together. Abdominal sternite VIII (and possibly IX) show asymmetry (Text-fig. 5). Genitalia unlike any other in the genus, as shown in Text-figs. 6-7 ; it has not been possible to do more than indicate the general appearance of the sclerite of the genital sac (Text-fig. 7) as the shape of this structure alters according to the pressure on the walls of the sac. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Text-fig. I, but there is some individual variation in number and arrangement of the setae. 2 4 FIGS. 2-4. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Male. 2. Outline of antenna. 3. Prosternal plate. 4. Mesosternal plate. FIG. 5. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 48 THERESA CLAY On segments I-II, the first seta is spine-like and the post-spiracular is the second seta each side ; in the remainder of the segments the post-spiracular seta is the outer marginal seta each side. FEMALE. As shown in PI. i, fig. i. General characters of head and thorax as in male. Abdominal tergites with marginal row of setae only, the shorter setae in this row are more spine-like than in the male ; last tergum (fused IX-XI) without setae. Genital region as shown in Text-fig. 8 ; the internal forked structure is probably associated with the genital chamber. FIGS. 6-7. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Male genitalia. Genital sac is shown enlarged in fig. 7. THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 49 Measurements in mm. (In Canada balsam) Male Female Head . Prothorax* . Mesothorax* . Metathorax* . Abdomen Total . Genitalia r Length Breadth 0-28 0-83 0-61 0-09 0-18 1-64 0-52 0-71 0-99 2-71 Length Breadth 0-40 o 75 0-60 0-67 1-52 i oo 2-50 * Length of thoracic segments taken along midline of terga, the condition of the female is too poor to enable these measurements to be taken. Material examined : 5 $ from Anseranas semipalmata from Townsville, Queens- land, Australia, collected by Mr. H. J. Lavery (Department of Agriculture and Stock, Queensland) 5.8.1958; I $ from Anseranas melanoleucus = A. semipalmata without further data, in the Harrison collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Holotype $ from Anseranas semipalmata with the above data in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane ; allotype $, slide no. 656 in the British Museum (Natural History). Paratypes : 4 <$ from the same host species with data as given above. FIG. 8. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Terminal sterna of female abdomen, s. enlarged view of setae round anal opening. 50 THERESA CLAY A NEW SPECIES OF RHYNONIRMUS THOMPSON, 1935 (PHILOPTERIDAE) The differences between the Otidoecus-complex (including Otidoecus, Rhynonirmus and Cuclotogaster) and the Degeeriella-complex have been discussed elsewhere (Clay, 1958 : 125), but whether it will be possible to retain the separation of Rhynonirmus, Cuclotogaster and Otidoecus seems doubtful. For the purpose of this paper, however, the species of this complex from the Charadriiformes will be referred to as Rhynonir- mus. A key to the genus to include the new species is given below (see also Timmer- mann, 1957 : 89). Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp. n. Type host : Philohela minor (Gmelin). 10 II FIGS. 9-12. Rhynonirmus. 9-10. R. parsonsae sp. n. 9. Terminal sterna of male abdomen ; there is variation in number and position of setae. 10. Terminal sterna of female abdomen. 11-12. Distal end of " penis ". n. R. parsonsae sp. n. 12. R. infuscatus (Osborn). This species can be distinguished from infuscatus (Osborn) by the shape of the head in both sexes, in the male by the relatively longer first antennal segment and the characters of the genitalia, and in the female by the shape of the last segment of the abdomen. MALE. Shape of the head as in PL 2, fig. 2, marginal carina thicker than that of infuscatus (PL 2, fig. i) and the shape of its inner margin different. Chaetotaxy of head and general characters of antenna as in infuscatus (Thompson, 1935 : 283), THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 51 but the first antennal segment is longer ; in both species the third segment may appear as shown in the figure by Terzi (Ibid., fig. ib) or when mounted in a different position as in the figure of R. scolopacis (Ibid., fig. 2b) ; in both infuscatus and this species there is only one seta in the middle of the dorso-anterior margin of segment 4 of the antenna, not three as shown in the figure. Thorax as in infuscatus. Abdomen in general as in infuscatus but in parsonsae tergite II is usually completely separated medially, though an occasional specimen has a thin junction posteriorly, whereas in all specimens of infuscatus examined tergite II is never completely separated into two plates ; in this species tergites V-VII are narrowed centrally to a greater extent than in infuscatus, and V in some specimens is interrupted medially. Genitalia (PL 2, fig. 6 ; Text-fig, n) similar to those of infuscatus (Thompson, 1935, fig. 4a) but differing by the mesosome not showing a divided plate as in PL 2, fig. 3,m., by the inner arm of the mesosome being more strongly sclerotized and differently shaped (PL 2, figs. 3 & 6,a) and by the position of the setae on the " penis " (Text-figs. 11-12) ; the two anterior setae may or may not be placed asymmetrically. FEMALE. General characters as shown in PL 2, fig. 5 ; marginal carina as in male. This species differs from R. infuscatus in having tergites II-V or VI deeply indented medially and VI or VII and sometimes VIII with a shallow notch ; the term- inal segment (fused IX-XI) differs in shape from that of infuscatus (PL 2, figs. 4-5). CHAETOTAXY OF THORAX AND ABDOMEN. That of thorax as in infuscatus (in Thompson, 1935) except for the posterior margin of the pterothorax where only that of the female is given and no mention made of variation. In both species the female setae are usually arranged (from the outside) 1 + 2 + 2 each side, but some specimens have 1 + 2 + 3 on one side and one specimen of parsonsae has the arrangement on one side I +2 + 1 + 2 + 1, which is nearer that of the male. In the male the arrangement is 1+2 + 3 + 1 or 1 + 2 + 4+1. Abdominal chaetotaxy in both sexes similar to that of infuscatus but there are fewer sternal setae. Post-spiracular setae in both sexes of parsonsae are found on segments III-VIII, those of I II-V being long and stout and having contiguous sensilli. Pleural setae in both sexes : II-III, o ; IV-V, i ; VI-VII, 2 ; VIII, 3 ; IX, 2 and in the female : X, 2. Tergocentral setae of male : II, 3-4 with two long anterior setae ; III-VIII, 4 with the occasional specimen having one segment with 5 ; IX, 2 ; X, 6 (3 + 3). In the female : II, 2-4 with two long anterior setae ; III- VIII, usually 4, but specimens have been seen with only 2 setae on III or IV, or 3 on V, VI, or VIII, or 5 on VI or VIII ; the anterior setae on the last tergum (fused IX-XI) may be absent or 1-3 in number ; X, 4 (2 + 2). Sternal setae in both sexes : II, 2 or 3, rarely 4, with 2 anterior leucodiscs 1 ; III-VI, usually 4, occasionally one segment may have 5 and there are 2 leucodiscs in the line of setae ; in the male : VII, 4 ; VIII, 2 ; female genital plate with 6. Ventral chaeto- taxy of the last segments as in Text-figs. 9-10. In the male of infuscatus, although any of the sternites III-VI I may have only 4 setae, no single specimen has been seen with 4 setae on all segments (which is the rule in parsonsae) ; one has been seen with the following numbers : III-IV, 4 ; V-VI, 5 ; VII, 4 ; most specimens have two or more segments with 6 ; segments IV or V may have 7 setae. 1 See footnote on p. 45. THERESA CLAY Measurements in mm. (In Canada balsam) Male Female* Head . Prothorax Pterothorax . Abdomen Total . Genitaliaf * Not in canada balsam. I Different specimen. r -\ Length Breadth 0-46 0-32 O-22 O-29 0-88 0-40 1-69 0-30 Length 0-51 i -06 1-87 Breadth 0-38 0-27 0-36 0-50 Breadth of head at temples Male Female Male R. infuscatus R. parsonsae Range Mean o-30-o-33 0-31 (n) 0-30-0-34 0-32 (15) Range Mean o-34-o '37 0-35 (10) o-35-o-38 0-36 (8) Range Mean 21-6-24-3 23-1 (20) 25-0-29-0 27-0 (14) . _ Length ist antennal segment x 100 Head length Number of antennae in brackets. It is not possible in treated specimens to get an accurate measurement of the length of the antennal segments. MATERIAL EXAMINED. 16 $, 28 $ from Philohela minor from Amherst, Massa- chusetts, U.S.A., collected by Miss Margaret A. Parsons, July, 1957 and 6 <$, 31 $ from the same host species from various localities in the U.S.A. Holotype <$ and allotype $ in the Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Washington, from Amherst, Massachusetts. Paratypes : 21 ^, 58 $ from the same host species, data given above. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Rhynonirmus 1 Anterior margin of head rounded laterally (PI. II, figs. 1-2, 4-5, PI. Ill, fig. i) . 2 Anterior margin of head angled laterally (PI. Ill, fig. 2) . . . . . 4 2 (i) Anterior margin of head pointed medially (PI. Ill, fig. i) . helvolus (Burm., 1838) Anterior margin of head not pointed medially (PI. II, fig. i) . 3 3 (2) Shape of head, inner margin of marginal carina and terminal segments of $ abdomen as in PL II, figs, i and 4 .... infuscatus (Osborn, 1896) Shape of head, inner margin of marginal carina and terminal segments of $ abdomen as in PI. II, figs. 2 & 5 parsonsae sp. n. 4 (i) Males ............. 5 Females ............. 7 5 (4) End of parameres reach to or beyond middle pair of setae on " penis " . . 6 End of parameres do not reach to middle pair of setae ; shape of mesosome and parameres as in PI. Ill, fig. 5 medius Timmerman, 1955 THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 53 6 (5) Shape of parameres and mesosome as in PI. Ill, fig. 3 . scolopacis (Denny, 1842) Shape of parameres and mesosome as in PI. Ill, fig. 6 stenurae Timmermann, 1955 7 (4) Anterior margin of head usually straight (occasionally slightly indented), inner margin of marginal carina parallel with anterior margin of head ; tergites V-VI usually with slight anterior notch, deeper slit occasionally on V tnedius Timmermann Anterior margin indented medially ; inner margin of marginal carina usually slightly convex ; tergites V, VI and sometimes VII with some anterior median division, V-VI usually with deep narrow slit . . . scolopacis (Denny) stenurae* Timmermann * It has not been possible to use the character of the anterior margin of the head to separate all specimens of medius from scolopacis and stenurae. Females of scolopacis average somewhat larger than those of stenurae but there is some overlap. No males of the population from Capella delicata (described as R. magnocephalus (Carriker, 1902)) have been seen. NOTE ON HOST DISTRIBUTION OF RHYNONIRMUS. The occurrence of a species of Rhynonirmus, a genus otherwise restricted to the subfamily Scolopacinae, on Bartramia (subfamily Tringinae) may indicate affinities of this latter host to the Scolopacinae as suggested by Timmermann (1957 : 89), or it may be a case of secondary infestation, stragglers from Philohela having become established on Bartramia with subsequent modification. This would be a case of the rather rare geographical distribution of Mallophaga in which hosts belonging to the same bird order in one geographical area are parasitised by the same or similar Mallophaga irrespective of the relationship of their hosts. An example of this is seen in the distribution of Aquanirmus on the grebes of Europe, Africa and N. America. A NEW SPECIES OF PECTINOPYGUS MJOBERG, 1910 (PHILOPTERIDAE) Five species (listed below) of Pectinopygus have been described from Pelecanus. With the exception of Pelecanus conspicillatus (the host of P. australis Thompson) and Pelecanus philippensis, specimens have been seen from all the species of Pelecanus listed in Peters, 1931 (Check-list of Birds of the World). Each of these has a specific Pectinopygus with the exception of P. roseus, on which the population of the parasite appears to be conspecific with that on P. onocrotalus. The males are most easily distinguished from each other by the characters of the genitalia and the terminal segments of the abdomen, figures showing the characters of this latter part of the abdomen are included (with the exception of that of Pectinopygus australis) for comparison with the new species. P. tordoffi (Text-fig. 19) differs from the males of all other species examined in the lateral margin of the last segment not being pro- duced forward each side as a projecting curved heavily sclerotized hook, one of the characters used to separate the subgenus Epipelecanus Harrison, 1935. 54 THERESA CLAY Pectinopygus forcipatus sp. n. Type host : Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin. The male of this species is most similar to P. forficulatus from which it is dis- tinguished by the shape of the head, the terminal segments of the abdomen and the genitalia. The available females are in too poor condition for description. 13 m 14 FIGS. 13-15. Pectinopygus forcipatus sp. n. Male. 13-14. Terminal segments of abdomen. 13. Dorsal, m. dorsal margin of genital opening hidden in the figure by the margins of the anal opening. 14. Ventral. 15. Genitalia. THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 55 MALE. General appearance as in PI. I, fig. 2. Antenna as shown in Thompson, 1948, fig. 6. Details of head and thorax as in other species from Pelecanus (see Elbel & Emerson, 1956) ; postero-dorsal margin of prothorax with one short and one long lateral seta each side ; on each side of the postero-dorsal margin of the pterothorax there is an outer small spine-like seta, a long seta near this, a shorter seta and three long stout and one shorter slightly anterior setae grouped together in an unpigmented area. This arrangement is found in 10 of the 14 individuals examined ; in addition one specimen has one of the long setae in the group absent on one side and three have an extra shorter seta in the group on one side only. Outline of thoracic sternal plates not definable in the available material ; sternal setae as in P. tordoffi. Abdomen with tergites II-VIII separated medially ; posterior terga fused into one transverse plate (Text-fig. 13). Sternites II-VII in the form of central plates, those on segments I II-VII being more heavily sclerotized laterally, giving the appearance of two plates on each segment ; posterior sternites fused to form a subgenital plate, this plate in all species is irregular and somewhat variable FIG. 16. Pectinopygus forficulatus (Nitzsch) . Terminal sterna of male abdomen. THERESA CLAY 18 FIGS. 17-18. Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 17. Pectinopygus bifasciatus (Piaget). Lectotype. 18. P. occidentalis Thompson. Paratype. THREE NEW SPECIES OF MALLOPHAGA (INSECTA) 57 in outline. Sterna of posterior segments as in Text-fig. 14, narrow sclerite lying vertically along each dorsal margin of the genital opening well marked (Text-fig. 13, m). Genitalia as in Text-fig. 15. CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. On II-VIII with the exception of VI, there is a single marginal seta lying posterior to the spiracle which is probably the post- spiracular seta, but apparently without associated sensilli on any of the segments. Tergocentral setae : II-VIII, 4, the two most central setae are placed a little anteriorly to the outer two ; segment II with two anterior central setae in addition. Pleural setae : II, 1-2 ; III-V, 2 ; VI-VIII, 4-5. Sternocentral setae : II, 3-5 ; III, 8-n ; IV-V, 8-12 ; VI, 8-10 ; VII, 5-9 ; VIII, 2-3. Measurements of male in mm. (In Canada balsam) Breadth Head Prothorax . Pterothorax Abdomen . Total Genitalia* . * Different specimen. Length 0-65 2-n 3-34 0-90 o-53 0-42 o-53 0-63 Range 0-52-0 -56 Mean o-54 (1 FIG. 19. Pectinopygus tordoffi Elbel & Emerson. Terminal sterna of male abdomen. 58 THERESA CLAY Material examined : 24 <$ from Pelecanus rufescens from Kenya, Sudan, North Cameroons and Portuguese Guinea. I am indebted to Dr. J. Mouchet and Dr. J. Tendeiro for the opportunity to examine the specimens from the last two localities. Holotype male in the British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 657, from Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin from Marou, N. Cameroons, 1959, collected by Dr. J. Mouchet. Paratypes : 23 $ from the same host species, data as given above. Lectotype of Pectinopygus bifasciatus (Piaget, 1880) : Male in the Piaget collec- tion, British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 798. Paratypes : 3 males. LIST OF SPECIES OF PECTINOPYGUS FROM PELECANUS Species Type host P. forficulatus (Nitzsch, 1866). Pelecanus onocrotalus Linn. (Also on P. roseus Gmelin). P. bifasciatus (Piaget, 1880). Pelecanus crispus Bruch. P. occidentalis Thompson, 1948. Pelecanus o. occidentalis Linn. P. australis Thompson, 1948. Pelecanus c. conspicillatus Temminck. P. tordoffi Elbel & Emerson, 1956 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. (= P. canadensis Carriker, 1956). P. forcipatus sp. n. Pelecanus rufescens Gmelin. REFERENCES CLAY, T. 1958. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Entom., 7 : 123-207. 1961. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 3 (1960) : 571-576. ELBEL & EMERSON. 1956. Ent. News, 57 : 173. THOMPSON, G. B. 1935. Parasitology, 27 : 281-287. 1948. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist, (n) 14 (1947) : 317-327. TIMMERMANN, G. 1957- Parasitologisches Schriftenreihe, Jena, 8 : 1-204. ADDENDUM TO THE CHECK LIST OF MALLOPHAGA HOPKINS & CLAY, 1952 Philopterus maruhashi Uchida, 1949 was referred with doubt to the genus Cras- pedorrhynchus, now through the kindness of Dr. J. E. Scanlon it has been possible to examine a paratype which shows that the species is a Cuculoecus. PLATE i FIG. i. Holomenopon goliath sp. n. Female allotype. (B. M. Neg. 27447} FIG. 2. Pectinopygus forcipatus sp. n. Male holotype. (B. M. Neg. 27446) Bull, B.M. (N.H.) Entom. n, 2 PLATE P LATE 2 FIG. i. Rhynonirmus infiiscatus (Osborn). Male. (Breadth at temples : 0-31 mm.) (B. M. Neg. 27448) FIG. 2. Rhvnonirrmis parsonsae sp. n. Male holotype. (Breadth at temples: 0-32 mm.) (B. M. Neg. 27451). FIG. 3. Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn), ^ genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27442) FIG. 4. Rhynonirmus infuscatus (Osborn), Female. ( Bread that temples : 0-35 mm.) (B. M. Neg. 27452) FIG. 5. Rhynonirmus parsonsae sp. n. Female allotype. (Breadth at temples : 0-38 mm.) (B. M. Neg. 27449) FIG. 6. Rhvnonirmus parsonsae sp. n. Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27444) Figs, i, 2, 4, 5 at same magnification ; figs. 3 and 6 at same magnification. Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. n, 2 PLATE 2 ',! PLATE 3 FIG. i. Rhynonirmus helvolus (Burmeister). Male. (B. M. Neg. 27450.) FIG. 2. Rhynonirmus scolopacis (Denny). Male. (B. M. Neg. 27453) FIG. 3. Rhynonirmus scolopacis (Denny). Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27443) FIG. 4. Rhvnonirmus helvolus (Burmeister). Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27440) FIG. 5. Rhynonitmus medius Timmermann. Male genitalia, p. end of paramere. (B. M Neg. 27436} FIG. 6. Rhynonirmus stenurae Timmermann. Male genitalia. (B. M. Neg. 27441) Figs. 1-2 at same magnification ; Figs. 3-6 at same magnification. Photographs by J. V. Brown British Museum (Natural History) Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. n, 2 PLATE 3 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ADLARD AND SON, LIMITED BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKING THE MONOCHAMINI (CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION. II. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. GENERA RELATED TO MONOCHAMUS LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 3 LONDON: 1961 THE MONOCHAMINI (CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION. II. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. GENERA RELATED TO MONOCHAMUS BY LAWRENCE S. DILLON and ELIZABETH S. DILLON \ ' Pp. 59-96 BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 3 LONDON: 1961 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 11, No. 3 of the Entomological series. Trustees of the British Museum, 1961 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued October, 1961 Price Ten Shillings THE MONOCHAMINI (CERAMBYCIDAE) OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION. II. SUBTRIBE MONOCHAMIDI. GENERA RELATED TO MONOCHAMUS By LAWRENCE S. DILLON & ELIZABETH S. DILLON ALTHOUGH the genus Monochamus is represented by several species in North Africa, it became apparent during the course of these studies that none of the numerous Ethiopian species assigned to this genus by other workers truly pertained to it. As a superficial study of Indo- Australian representatives showed a comparable situation, it is not unlikely that the genus will be found to be entirely confined to the Holarctic Region. The genus Monochamus in the restricted sense should include those species in which the eyes are approximate above, the lower ocular lobe elongate, narrow, and vertical, usually shorter than the gena in height and never distinctly exceeding it in this respect ; the front subquadrate, sometimes slightly narrowed above, the antennal tubercles contiguous at base, divergent apically ; pronotal disk at most bearing a low median tumescence, not tuberculate, lateral tubercles situated at the middle, armed with a short upturned spine ; elytra sparsely granulate basally, especially near humerus, feebly tumescent at middle of base, never crested, humeral angle rounded, unarmed with tubercles or spines, elytral apices rounded, uniden- tate, or singly spined ; forelegs slightly longer than hind ones in male, subequal in female ; antennae longer than body in both sexes, especially in male, the scape subcylindrical, not or only feebly flared at apex, the cicatrix closed, extending more than half-way around the apical margin. From this set of characters, the Ethiopian forms differ consistently, especially in the size and shape of the lower ocular lobe, in pronotal sculpturing, and, frequently, in the armature of the elytral base and humeral angle, not to mention differences in antennal formulae and leg ratios. For making available to them the valuable collections of the British Museum (Natural History) [BM], upon which this portion of the study is principally based, the authors are indebted to J. Balfour-Browne, as well as for numerous other favours. In addition to this material, collections of a number of other institutions and individuals have been drawn upon, for a list of which, with abbreviations employed, reference should be made to part I of this series of studies. 1 1 Published 1959 as Scientific Publication of the Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, number 9. ENTOM. ii, 3. 4 62 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON ETHIOPIOCHAMUS gen. n. Moderately large to large, cylindrical beetles. Head of moderate length ; front not retracted, slightly transverse, feebly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe broad, one and one-half to two times as tall as gena, isthmus at least half as wide as upper lobe, upper lobes separated by at most a distance equal to one of their widths ; antennal tubercles subapproximate at base, strongly divergent, prominent. Pronotum feebly narrower apically, sides nearly straight, feebly wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles median, moderately prominent, with a short tooth ; disk with three to five tubercles, with a broad anterior median impression, punctate ; a single transverse sulcus at base and at apex, distinct. Scutellum wider than long, apex rounded. Elytra granulate-punctate near base, more or less seriately punctate ; basal gibbosity subprominent, without a crest ; humeri rounded ; apices truncate ; sides gradually narrowed apically, more strongly so near extreme apex. Prosternum simple, one-fifth to two-fifths as broad as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process one-third to one-half as broad as a mesocoxal cavity, unarmed, subtruncate at apex. Legs moderate in length, front ones longest in males ; metafemora attaining base of fifth sternite, all femora subcylindrical, thicker medially ; tibiae subequal to femora in length, unarmed ; protarsi slightly dilated and feebly fringed in male. Antennae one and two-thirds to two times as long as body, about one and one-third to one and one-half times body length in female, beneath fimbriate at least to fourth segment ; scape robust, gradually clavated, flared at extreme apex, extending usually at most to apical third of pronotum, cicatrix rather narrow, expanded lat- erally, extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin ; third segment robust and feebly bisinuate in the ruspator group, swollen and arcuate in the centralis group, three-fourths to once again as long as scape ; fourth swollen in centralis group, slightly shorter than third ; fifth at least equal to first ; rest gradually shorter. Type species : Lamia nubifer Gyllenhal. REMARKS. This genus is distinguished by the shape of front, the large eyes, the pronotal sculpturing, the elytra with granulate-punctures basally, the discal punc- tures more or less seriate, by the shape of the scape, and by the antennal formula. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Elytra just behind middle with a common, dark fascia ..... 2 Elytra without a post-median, common, dark fascia ...... 4 2. Elytra broadly dark at base, with a broad, common, pale fascia extending across or nearly across their entire width 1 ......... 3 Elytra largely dark on entire basal half, with a small, pale, common macula at basal third ............. ruspator 3. Elytral dark basal area broader toward suture ...... nubifer Elytral dark basal area with its posterior margin straight, not widened at suture griseoplagiatus 4. Elytra covered with pale ashy pubescence ........ 5 Elytra covered with greyish brown pubescence ....... 7 1 ochraceomaculatus Breuning, unseen during the course of this study, will possibly key out here. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 63 5. Elytra with a distinct, whitish macula toward sides behind middle . . murinus Elytra with a distinct, dark, transverse macula toward sides behind middle . . 6 6. Elytra ashy pubescent, variegated with brownish (in addition to the interspersed maculae), post-median dark macula usually more distinct and densely pubescent ; body form robust ; male with third antennal segment more tumid . . ruficornis Elytra with ashy pubescence not varied with brownish, post-median dark macula more poorly denned, nearly glabrous ; body form slender ; male with third antennal segment feebly tumid ........ irrorator 7. Abdomen with dark maculae on sides of first three or four sternites . . centralis Abdomen without lateral dark maculae ........ 8 8. Elytra with dark maculae only at extreme basal margin and several small ones just behind middle ........... plumbeus Elytra with dark basal and post-median maculae as well as scattered small ones, especially at basal third .......... 9 9. Elytra each with dark area broad, extending to basal sixth ; antennae and legs piceous ............ tropicalis Elytra with dark basal macula confined to declivous portion near scutellum . scabiosus Ethiopiochamus griseoplagiatus griseoplagiatus Thomson (comb, nov.) Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 2, 1858 : 166, pi. 5, f. 3. Olivier, Journ. Sc. Math. Nat. Lisboa, 10, 1884 : n. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 422. MALE. Head and pronotum piceous, greyish brown pubescent. Scutellum bright fulvous pubescent, medially darker. Elytra densely dark brown pubescent, a com- mon, triangular, whitish fascia behind basal fifth, extending to side margins and nearly to middle of suture, at apical quarter a similar smaller fascia, irregular, extended anteriorly along suture, much interrupted ; lateral margin with a few whitish, scattered maculae. Body beneath, legs, and antennae reddish brown, rather finely clothed with yellowish brown pubescence ; antennae beginning with fourth segment greyish annulate basally. Head above minutely alutaceous, vertex with a few rather coarse punctures ; front subquadrate, widened to epistoma, impunctate ; eye with lower lobe one-half again as tall as gena, broadly oblong. Pronotum feebly wider at base than long ; apical and basal sulci narrow, the former sharply recurved at middle ; lateral tuber- cles broad, well elevated, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; disk with three tubercles, the median one placed closer to the base and much larger, surface rather sparsely, moderately punctate. Elytra with basal fifth sparsely, rather coarsely granulate, thence finely punctate to apex, the punctures nearly obsolete before apex ; apices broadly subtruncate ; humeri simply rounded. Antennae twice as long as body, heavily fimbriate beneath to fourth segment, thence sparsely so to apex ; scape robust, coarsely, rugosely punctate, slightly surpassing apex of pronotum ; third segment nearly straight, more than twice as long as first ; fourth more than one- half and fifth one-half again as long as first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh which is slightly elongate. FEMALE. As in male but more robust ; antennae one-fourth again as long as body, densely fimbriate to fifth segment ; third segment less than twice as long as first ; fourth one-third longer than first and fifth equal to first. 64 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON Length 21-28-5 mm. ; width 6-8-4 mm. Type locality : Gabon. DISTRIBUTION : Central Africa, from Belgian Congo to the Cameroons. Gabon : I ; no further data [ANSP]. Belgian Congo : i ; Stanleyville [ZSM]. Central Africa : I ; no further data [SM]. REMARKS. This species resembles E. ruspator somewhat, but here the front is impunctate, and the pronotal disk is distincly tuberculate. Ethiopiochamus griseoplagiatus leonensis subsp. n. FEMALE. Same as the nymotype but the markings on the elytra are either whitish or yellowish ; on the same organs there is a small fascia at middle, not attaining suture, and the basal macula extends from the humerus. Length 25 mm. ; width 7 mm. Holotype : $ ; SIERRA LEONE : Freetown, 1889 (Mocquerys) [ANSP]. Paratypes : $ ; GOLD COAST [EFG]. $ ; no locality data [EFGj. Ethiopiochamus murinus Gahan (comb, nov.) Monochamus murinus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 394. Monochamus murinus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 417. MALE. Piceous. Head and pronotum densely cinereous pubescent, sometimes with a yellowish tinge ; the former with an irregular, brownish area on vertex. Elytra rather thinly cinereous pubescent, with scattered glabrous areas which sometimes are quite large, the pubescence condensed to form an irregular, rather narrow, transverse fascia at basal third and another much broader behind middle ; at base of each elytron with a small, transverse, dark brown macula from middle to scutel- lum. Scutellum entirely, but not very densely, cinereous pubescent. Beneath piceous, rather densely cinereous pubescent. Pro-, meso- and meta-sterna indistinctly brownish laterally ; the first four abdominal sternites each with a small, indistinct, brown macula laterally, largest on first sternite and decreasing in size on following segments. Legs piceous, cinereous pubescent. Antennae with scape piceous, re- maining segments paler, thinly cinereous pubescent, dorsal pubescence tinged with brownish on third and fourth segments. Head above minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures in median longitu- dinal sulcus ; front slightly narrowed above lower margin of eyes, minutely aluta- ceous and with scattered coarse punctures, these also margin the lower lobe of eye ; eye with lower lobe nearly rounded, more than one-half again as tall as gena. Pro- notum slightly narrower apically than at base, one-sixth again as wide at base as long ; lateral tubercles placed slightly behind middle, well elevated, and terminating in a short, blunt tooth ; apical sulcus broad, deep, recurved and widened at middle, basal sulcus narrow, moderately deep ; disk with three tubercles, basal one least prominent, but all well elevated, entirely coarsely, somewhat densely punctate as are the bases of the lateral tubercles. Elytra granulate-punctate on basal quarter, THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 65 the granules somewhat coalesced on humeri, thence to beyond middle coarsely, densely punctate, thence to apex (except laterally) punctures suddenly finer ; apices broadly obliquely truncate. Antennae one and one-half times as long as body, very sparsely fimbriate on first four segments ; scape robust, scarcely clavate, minutely punctulate and with coarse, shallow punctures, extending nearly to apical third of pronotum ; third segment feebly arcuate, nearly uniformly swollen except at extreme base ; fourth swollen, slightly tapering apically, one-fifth shorter than third ; fifth much shorter than fourth, rest very gradually diminishing in length ; eleventh slightly longer than tenth. Femora indistinctly punctate. FEMALE. More robust than male ; antennae defective, third and fourth segments robust, but not tumid ; scutellum tinged with yellowish. Length 22-26 mm. ; width 7-5-8 mm. Type locality : Senegal. DISTRIBUTION : West Africa. Sierra Leone : i ; no further locality data, Sept. 9 (Kroatz) [DEI]. Africa : I ; no further data [SM]. REMARKS. Easily recognized by the ashy pubescence which covers the entire body except the elytra, on which organs it is broken into irregular maculae. Ethiopiochamus irrorator irrorator Chevrolat (comb, nov.) Monohammus irrorator Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855 : 517 ; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 37. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist (4) 6, 1870 : 479. Monochamus irrorator Chevrolat. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 417. ? Monohammus sparsutor Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855 : 518 ; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 38. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870 : 475. MALE. Dark reddish brown, elytra slightly paler ; finely, not densely, grey pubes- cent. Head with a dark brown, triangular macula each side of middle. Pronotum and elytra irrorate with small, brownish, rounded maculae, on elytra denser and tending to become confluent at basal third, behind middle, and apical quarter. Scutellum medially with a large dark macula. Body beneath rather sparsely, finely, grey pubescent, distinctly sparser than on body above. Antennae and legs dark reddish brown ; antennae from third segment, tibiae, and tarsi paler ; entirely sparsely finely grey pubescent, apices of antennal segments from fourth darker pubescent. Head above finely alutaceous, medially with a few coarse punctures ; genae and front with scattered, coarse punctures, the latter quadrate, slightly narrowed be- tween eyes ; lower ocular lobe quadrate, twice as tall as gena. Pronotum feebly wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad basally, ending in a short, obtuse tooth ; basal and apical transverse sulci moderately deep, narrow, the latter recurved at middle ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral basal ones very small, median one larger than the apical ones, with scattered, coarse punctures. Elytra on basal quarter with rather sparse, fine granules, thence punctures simple, seriate, the lateral ones coarse, more distinctly seriate ; apices obliquely subtrun- cate. Antennae with middle of sixth segment attaining elytral apex, moderately fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape slightly surpassing apex of prono- 66 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON turn, robust, gradually clavate, finely punctate, with a few coarse, shallow punctures interspersed ; third segment subarcuate, feebly swollen, more than twice as long as first ; fourth feebly swollen, one-fifth shorter than third ; rest gradually shorter ; eleventh wanting, probably elongate. FEMALE. More robust ; pronotum more strongly transverse ; antennae only slightly longer than body, the apex of the eighth segment attaining elytral apex. Length 15-18 mm. ; width 4-7-5-8 mm. Type locality : Old Calabar (irromtor ; sparsutor) . DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. Nigeria : 3 ; Old Calabar [BM]. Cameroons : i ; no further data [DEI], i ; d'Ja Posten, May-July, 1936 (Merfield) [BM]. REMARKS. This species differs from centralis and its allies, first of all, in having the elytra irrorate with dark maculae, forming indistinct broken bands in places without a distinct, large, post-median spot. In the male the third and fourth antennal segments are not very swollen. Its body surface is red-brown, not fuscous or piceous, as are the antennae and tibiae and tarsi. M. sparsutor is a possible synonym of the present form, but differs, according to the original description, in lacking the transverse macular bands on elytra, and in having the antennae " brown-black ". Ethiopiochamus irrorator cinerescens Jordan (stat. nov.) Monohammus cinerescens Jordan, Nov. Zool. 1, 1894 : 193. Monochamus irrorator Jordan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 417 [ex parte]. Differs from the nymotype in having the body colour black or piceous, as are the femora and scape. The bands on the elytra formed by the coalescence of the blackish small maculae tend to be more distinct. Length 15-5-20-6 mm. ; width 4-6-5-9 mm. Type locality : Kuilu (Middle Congo). DISTRIBUTION. French Equatorial Africa. W. Africa : i ; no further data [BM]. Cameroons : i ; no locality data [NRS]. 3 ; Efulen, Dec., 1911 [CM]. 3 ; Edea, May-Dec. (Weber ; Reis) [CM]. Gabon : 2 ; Ogowe River [CM]. Ethiopiochamus scabiosus Quedenfeldt (comb, nov.) Monohammus scabiosus Quedenfeldt, Berl. ent. Z. 26, 1882 : 338. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 418. MALE. Piceous, elytra sometimes reddish brown. Head and pronotum grey pubes- cent ; former with a dark vitta each side of middle, tapering anteriorly, and with scattered, fuscous maculae ; pronotum with a small, elongate macula on median THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 67 discal tubercle and with scattered flecks especially apically, fuscous. Scutellum grey pubescent, with an oval brownish macula at apex. Elytra with grey and brown variegated pubescence, one or the other predominating, and with fuscous markings as follows : a more or less indistinct, transverse macula at scutellum, reaching just half across base, just behind middle a transverse macula attaining neither lateral nor sutural margin, rest of disk with scattered maculae, sometimes condensed on basal third and apical quarter, and below humerus a small macula. Body beneath piceous or dark reddish brown, second to fifth abdominal sternites paler, finely, rather densely grey pubescent. Legs and antennae piceous or dark reddish brown ; antennae from third segment reddish to yellowish brown, sparsely tawny pubescent, bases of segments more greyish pubescent ; legs sparsely grey pubescent, tibiae and tarsi with surface reddish or yellowish brown. Head above with a few moderately coarse punctures in a series each side of median line ; front scarcely transverse, feebly narrowed between eyes, with coarse, scattered punctures ; eyes with lower lobe subquadrate, not quite twice as tall as gena. Pronotum slightly wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles placed slightly behind middle, broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal sulci narrow, deep medially, the former recurved at middle ; disk moderately, not densely punctate, punctures apical to anterior sulcus larger, with five tubercles, the anterior two largest, the lateral basal ones smallest. Elytra on basal quarter granulate-punctate, punctures thence simple, seriate, those toward sides coarser and more regularly seriate ; apices broadly truncate. Antennae nearly twice length of body, rather sparsely fringed beneath to the end of fourth segment ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, only feebly clavate ; third segment feebly arcuate, nearly uniformly swollen throughout its length, twice as long as scape ; fourth slightly tumid, about one-half longer than first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is nearly as long as third. FEMALE. Usually more brown pubescent ; pronotum more strongly transverse ; scutellar macula larger ; antennae with middle of ninth segment attaining elytral apex, third segment not swollen ; segments from fourth more distinctly annulate at base. Length 14-20-6 mm. ; width 4-3-6-9 mm. Type locality : Angola. DISTRIBUTION. West and Central Africa. Uganda : 2 ; Entebbe [EFG]. Angola : 3 ; no further data [BM]. Belgian Congo : 5 ; Stanleyville (Ertl) [ZSM-4 ; NRS-i]. 2 ; Banana (Hesse III) [SM]. i ; Kasai, Kondue (E. Luja) [NRS]. i ; Eala [NRS]. French Congo : i ; Mongoumba, Feb. 5, 1930 [SM]. Gabon : i ; Lambarene [CM], i ; no further data [NRS]. Gold Coast : i ; no further data [SM]. REMARKS. More largely grey pubescent and variegated broadly on its elytra with brown ; legs and antennae pale reddish or yellowish as follows : the former from the tibae, the latter from the middle of third segment ; elytra with basal macula small, indistinct, near scutellum only. 68 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON The Eala specimen has only a few fine maculae in place of the large post-median spot on elytra (dissolutus) . The two specimens from Uganda in E. F. Gilmour's collection have the post- median elytral macula considerably smaller than in other examples and may even- tually prove to represent a distinct subspecies. Ethiopiochamus ruficornis Hintz (comb, nov.) Monohammus ruficornis Hintz, Dtsch. ent. Z. 1913 : 198. Monochamus plumbeus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 418 [misdet.]. MALE. Piceous to black, elytra sometimes a little paler, rather densely covered with dingy grey pubescence. Head above with an elongate, triangular, fuscous macula either side of middle, becoming brownish anteriorly. Pronotum and elytra irrorate with small, fulvous, dark brown or fuscous maculae ; elytra with several larger maculae, including an irregular, subquadrate macula or band just behind middle, and a few, often forming an indistinct band, at basal third ; at base each side of scutellum an arcuate, fuscous macula. Scutellum cinereous pubescent, usually with a brown or fuscous spot medially. Body beneath and legs more sparsely grey pubescent, the latter often entirely, or with tibiae and tarsi, reddish. Antennae piceous, frequently with segments from third reddish brown, dull brownish ashy pubescent, bases of segments from fourth irregularly annulate with cinereous. Head minutely alutaceous, above with a few coarse punctures at middle ; genae and front with sparse, coarse punctures ; latter distinctly transverse, constricted between eyes ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, nearly twice height of gena. Pro- notum about one-third again as wide across base as long ; lateral tubercles prominent, robust, medial, with a short, obtuse spine at apex ; apical and basal transverse sulci irregular, the former recurved at middle, the latter deep medially but shallow later- ally ; disk with five distinct tubercles, the lateral basal ones somewhat smaller, the median one the largest, coarsely punctate medially and towards apex. Elytra rather densely, uniformly granulate-punctate on basal fifth, thence simply, seriately, rather sparsely punctate to apex, the more lateral punctures coarser and more regularly seriate ; apices obliquely, rather broadly subtruncate. Antennae nearly twice as long as body, sixth segment surpassing elytral apex, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, rather robust, feebly clavate apically ; third segment as long as first ; fourth feebly swollen, slightly longer than first ; remainder gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is a little longer than third. FEMALE. More robust ; pronotum more strongly transverse ; antennae slightly longer than body, ninth segment surpassing elytral apex, third and fourth segment not swollen, eleventh scarcely longer than tenth. Length 16-5-25 mm. ; width 5-3-8-4 mm. Type locality : Kondue [Belgian Congo]. DISTRIBUTION. Broadly through Central Africa into Nigeria. Nigeria : i ; Itu [EFG]. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 69 Cameroon : I ; no further locality [SM]. 6 ; Efulen [CM]. I ; Sakbayeme, Sanaga River, July [CM]. 4 ; Mundame [DEI-2 ; MCZ-i ; SM-i]. i ; Yaounde, July-August [CM], i ; Bipindi, May- June [CMNH]. i ; Victoria [SM]. Gabon : 2 ; Ogowe River [CM]. Belgian Congo : i ; Djabbir, May- June [BM], i ; Duma, Ubangi Dist., Oct. 7, 1910 (Schultz) [SM]. REMARKS. Distinguished from irrorator by its larger and more robust body, by the less densely irrorate elytra, and especially by the large, subquadrate, post- median, dark macula on the elytra. The colour of antennae and legs appears to vary from dark to light reddish brown. Two groups are readily separated, in one the tarsi are red, in the other they are black, but as no other differences appear to be constant, these colour differences are treated as individual variations. Ethiopiochamus centralis Duvivier (comb, nov.) Monohammus centralis Duvivier, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, 1891 : 380 ; loc. cit. 36, 1892 : 343. Monochamus plumbeus ab. centralis Duvivier. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 418. MALE. Head and pronotum piceous to black, elytra dark reddish brown to piceous ; covered densely with brown-grey to grey pubescence. Head each side of middle with an irregular, vittiform macula of dark brown pubescence. Pronotum apically with small, scattered, dark brown maculae. Scutellum with an indefinite, poorly visible, brownish macula medially. Elytra with dark brown marking as follows : extreme base with a transverse macula extending from scutellum to near humerus, usually divided into a smaller and a larger part ; at basal quarter with an irregular macula, often represented by several very small maculae ; just behind middle an irregular macula, more or less quadrate ; entire surface irregularly and inconstantly sprinkled with fine points. Body beneath and legs castaneous, densely covered with pubescence that is somewhat greyer than that of body above ; abdomen with first three sternites having a brownish macula laterally ; tarsi grey pubescent. Antennae with scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, becoming paler to apex ; brown-grey pubescent, segments a little greyer on bases beneath. Head minutely alutaceous, vertex medially with a few coarse punctures ; front slightly wider than tall, sides subparallel, a little narrowed between eyes, with a few scattered punctures ; eye with lower lobe subquadrate, ranging from one-third to one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum about one-fifth again as wide across base as long ; lateral tubercles medial, broad at base, ending in a rather short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal transverse sulci rather broad, basal one rather shallow, the apical one recurved and deeply impressed medially ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral ones much smaller than others, with scattered, coarse punctures. Scutellum transverse, more or less triangular, rounded at apex. Elytra smooth at extreme base, basal quarter with moderate-sized granules, thence with more or less seriate punc- tures to apex, the more lateral rows usually more distinct ; apices broadly truncate. Antennae nearly twice as long as body, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape not quite attaining base of lateral tubercles, gradually clavate to apex ; third segment feebly arcuate, swollen throughout its length, three-quarters again as long ENTOM. II, 3. 4 70 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON as first ; fourth straight, feebly swollen, nearly half again as long as first ; fifth segment subequal to first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh which is elongate. FEMALE. Antennae very little longer than body, the last segment feebly longer than tenth ; pronotum more strongly transverse. Length 22-30-5 mm. ; width 7-10 mm. Type locality : Ibembo, Congo. DISTRIBUTION. Throughout the tropical rain forest area. Uganda : i ; Mengo [BM] i ; Bugalla Isl., Lake Victoria, Jan. 23, 1912 [BM]. Belgian Congo : 3 ; Itemburi, Itembo, Aug.-Oct., 1890 (Duviv.) [BM-2 ; SM-i]. i ; Luluabourg, 1930 [EFG]. 3 ; Kondue (Luja) [SM]. French Congo : i ; Kuilu (Mocquerys) [BM]. Cameroons : i ; no further data [SM]. 6 ; Efulen, Aug.-Dec. [CM], i ; Sak- bayeme, Sanaga River (Reis) [CM]. 4 ; Mundame [SM]. Nigeria : i ; Ilesha (Humphrey) [BM]. Gold Coast : 3 ; no further data [BM-2 ; EFG-i]. i ; Abuvi [EFG]. 2 : Ab- boa Dist. [BM ; EFG1. i ; Juaso, Oct. 26, 1938 (G. S. Cansdale) [BM1. REMARKS. The specimens from the Gold Coast have a very short tooth on the pronotal lateral tubercles and on the Nigerian example the basal macula on the elytra is broader than usual and unbroken. Most easily recognized from related species by the fulvous pubescent under- surface, and by the abdomen maculate with fuscous laterally on first three or four sternites. Ethiopiochamus plumbeus Gahan (comb, nov.) Monohammus plumbeus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 394. MALE. Fuscous, densely covered with brownish grey pubescence. Head above feebly tinged with fuscous on occiput and either side of middle ; front below and genae more or less cinereous pubescent. Scutellum uniformly brown-grey pubescent. Elytra more strongly brown-grey pubescent, becoming more cinereous on sides, at extreme base near scutellum a transverse, fuscous macula extending half-way to humeri, with a small spot between it and humerus, behind middle with an irregular, fuscous macula often broken into small maculae ; below humerus a small, quadrate macula of same colour, rest of elytra nearly entirely free of dark flecks except for a few at basal third. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown, pale brown-ashy pubescent ; tarsi hoary pubescent. Antennae fuscous, segments becoming dark reddish brown apically, rather densely, uniformly covered with grey-brown pubescence. Head minutely alutaceous, between eyes and antennal tubercles with a number of irregular-sized punctures ; front distinctly wider than long, strongly narrowed between eyes, with scattered, coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe subquadrate, twice height of gena. Pronotum scarcely wider across base than long ; lateral tuber- cles prominent, robust, with a short, obtuse tooth at apex, directed slightly pos- teriorly ; apical and basal sulci rather shallow, more distinct medially, apical one recurved at middle ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral basal ones subobsolete, rest THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 71 prominent, with a cluster of rather coarse punctures either side of middle and a few finer ones laterally. Elytra on basal quarter granulate-punctate, the granules only slightly prominent, punctures thence simple, seriate, the lateral ones rather coarse, those towards suture much finer ; apices broadly, squarely truncate. Antennae about two-thirds again as long as body, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, robust, feebly clavate apicaUy ; third segment twice as long as scape, distinctly arcuate, moderately, uniformly swollen throughout its length ; fourth feebly tumid, about half again as long as first ; re- mainder gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is slightly longer than fourth. Length 24 mm. ; width 7-8 mm. Type locality : Congo. DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. French Congo : i, Kuilu River [ANSP]. REMARKS. This species is distinct in its uniform pubescence, having on the elytra very few dark flecks except at basal third, and no dark flecks on the pronotum or scutellum. Ethiopiochamus tropicalis sp. n. MALE. Fuscous to piceous, densely covered with fulvous and hoary variegated pubescence, maculate with fuscous or piceous as follows : Head above with an elongate, triangular macula each side of middle. Pronotum with a small macula on each of the three basal discal tubercles, that on the middle one sometimes elongate ; a small macula on anterior surface of tubercle. Elytra with a broad basal area, not sharply defined posteriorly ; behind middle a large, quadrate macula, rest of disk irregularly sprinkled with small maculae, especially near basal third and along suture. Scutellum ashy pubescent with a fulvous-brown, oval macula medially. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown to fuscous, rather sparsely covered with brownish cinereous pubescence ; tarsi cinereous pubescent. Antennae with scape piceous, remaining segments dark reddish brown, sparsely covered with brownish cinereous pubescence, segments from fourth sometimes grey annulate, sometimes only grey beneath. Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head with a single series of punctures each side of median line ; front irregularly, rather coarsely, sparsely punctate, especially medially and near eyes, one-fourth wider than high, slightly constricted between eyes ; eye with lower lobe quadrate, twice as high as gena. Pronotum one-fourth again as wide across base as long ; lateral tubercles median, broad at base, subconical, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal transverse sulci rather narrow, deep, but irregularly impressed, apical one strongly recurved medially ; disk with five distinct, nearly equally elevated tubercles, the two lateral posterior ones slightly smaller than others ; surface irregularly sprinkled with moderately fine punctures, especially anteriorly at middle and on lateral tubercles. Elytra finely, seriately punctate, punctures at extreme base more or less granulate, usually not very distinct along suture ; apices broadly or rather broadly, slightly obliquely truncate, sometimes somewhat emarginately truncate. Antennae one and two- 72 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON thirds body length, fimbriate beneath on first four segments ; scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, gradually clavate to apex ; third segment swollen, feebly biflexuose, three-fourths again as long as first ; fourth robust, slightly longer than first ; remaining gradually decreasing in length, except eleventh which is subequal to third. FEMALE. Antennae only slightly longer than body, eleventh segment a little longer than tenth. Pronotum somewhat more transverse than in male. Length 18-24 mm - width 7-8 mm. Holotype : $ ; FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA : Brazzaville (E. Bourval) [ANSP]. AUotype : ? ; same data as holotype [ANSP]. Paratypes : 7 ; topotypic [ANSP-6 ; NRS-i]. i ; Congo ; [NRS]. REMARKS. Easily distinguished from centralis in having on the elytra a broad brown basal area that fades into the paler pubescence. The pubescence of the entire upper surface is variegated, being made up of fulvous and hoary pubescence ; the scutellum is ashy, with fulvous-brown maculae. Furthermore, the pronotum has across its base three dark brown maculae in a row ; and the elytral post-median macula reaches very nearly to extreme lateral margin. Ethiopiochamus nubifer Gyllenhal (comb, nov.} Lamia nubifer Gyllenhal, in Schoenherr, Syn. Ins. 1, 3, 1817 : append. 165. Monochamus gabonicus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 2, 1858 : 166. Monohammus ruspator Fabricius. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870 : 475. Aulmann, Fauna Deutsch. Kolon. 5 (3), 1912 : 17, f. 13 ; 5 (5), 1913 ; 19, f. 15. Breuning. Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 421. Monohammus basalis Chevrolat, Rev. zool. (2) 9, 1857 : 74 ; Cent. Long., 1858, No. 65. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870 : 476. Monochamus feralis Pascoe, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3, 1866 : 296 [fide Breuning]. MALE. Head and pronotum piceous, densely covered with short, dull brown or dull brownish fulvous pubescence. Scutellum dull ochraceous pubescent. Elytra dark brown pubescent, with a broad, common, irregular, more or less X-shaped area of whitish pubescence extending from humeral angle to slightly behind middle at sides, the anterior arms and the median portion usually broader than the posterior and often interrupted with small brown maculae ; at apical quarter an undulating, narrow fascia of similarly coloured pubescence, attaining both lateral and sutural margins, and with indistinct whitish maculae bordering the entire apical margin ; humeri anteriorly tinged with yellowish. Body beneath and legs sparsely covered with brownish fulvous pubescence ; tarsi cinereous pubescent. Antennae with scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, gradually becoming paler apically, uniformly covered with sparse dull ashy pubescence, without annulations. Head around eyes and on front with a few rather coarse punctures ; front about one-fifth wider than long ; eye with lower lobe oblong, suberect, about two and one-quarter times the height of gena. Pronotum at base one-seventh wider than long ; lateral tubercles robust, prominent, terminating in a short, robust, obtuse spine ; disk with three low, rounded tubercles, median one a little larger and more prominent than the others, sprinkled with rather coarse, irregularly placed punctures, 73 especially towards sides and before apex ; apical sulcus rather broad, deep, strongly recurved medially, basal one narrow, deep, and more or less undulating. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, without trace of a crest ; entire surface rather finely, densely punctate, the punctures somewhat finer apically, usually preceded by five granules at extreme base ; humeri simply rounded ; apices broadly subtruncate, outer angle sometimes feebly produced. Antennae robust, nearly twice as long as body, finely and rather densely fringed beneath to apex ; scape scarcely surpassing the apex of pronotum, robust from base ; third segment nearly twice as long as first ; fourth one-half again as long as first ; fifth longer than first ; rest gradually decreasing in length, except eleventh, which is as long as fourth and slightly arcuate. FEMALE. As in male, but antennae feebly annulate from fourth segment, one- fourth again as long as body, fourth segment only slightly longer than first and fifth subequal to first, eleventh scarcely longer than tenth. Length 15-26 mm. ; width 5-77 mm. Type locality : Sierra Leone [nubifer] ; Gabon [gabonicus] ; Flores [feralis]. DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. Cameroons : 13 ; no further data [MCZ ; SM ; DEI ; ZSM]. 21 ; Efulen, June- Dec. [CM]. 8 ; Lolodorf [CM ; SM]. 5 ; Batanga [CM]. 2 ; Edea [CM]. 2 ; Yaunda [CM], i ; Sakbayeme [CM]. 2 ; Ogove River [CM]. 10 ; Mundame [MCZ ; SM]. 2 ; Motive [SM]. i ; Momfe [SM]. I ; Mukonje [ZSM]. i ; Tiko [DEI], i ; Longji [ZSM]. i ; Bipindi [CMNH]. i ; Joko [SM]. i ; Victoria [ANSP], i ; Sasse, nr. Buea, Feb. 1951 [CAS]. 2 ; Mabete, Victoria, June i, 1946 (Malkin) [CAS], i ; Muyuka, Victoria, June 24 (Malkin) [CAS]. Gabon: 10 ; no further data [CM ; ANSP; MCZ; DEI]. French Congo : i ; Kuilu River [ANSP]. i, Brazzaville [ANSP]. i ; Jaunde [EFG]. Nigeria : i ; Calabar [SM]. i ; Anambra Creek, Lower Niger [EFG]. REMARKS. This species is easily recognized by the dark basal patch of the elytra, which is followed by a broad, irregular, X-shaped area of whitish pubescence, and by the lack of a basal crest. Ethiopiochamus nubilosus Hintz (comb, nov.) Monohammus nubilosus Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 3, 1911 : 434. Monochamus ruspator dentipes Gyllenhal. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 421 [misdet.]. " Fawn, dark clouded, grey or fuscous nubilose, yellow pubescent. Head and pronotum very densely finely punctate, with scattered, deep punctures interspersed. Pronotum not longer than wide, disk trituberculate, yellow maculate. Scutellum yellow pubescent. Elytra with apices squarely truncate, angles rounded, between scutellum and humeri slightly elevated, base granulate, thence strongly punctate, punctures finer apically. Body beneath very densely punctate. Antennae of male twice length of body, in female surpassing elytra! apex, brown segments apically darker. Length 19-23 mm. 74 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON " i ; Foot of Ruwenzori Mt., Feb. i ; Kassenje, Lake Albert, Feb., 1908. i ; Bukoba, June 13, 1907. " Head entirely sulcate medially. All tibiae dentate at apex " [Translation of the original description]. This species appears to be closely related to E. ruspator Fab. but was not en- countered during the present study. Ethiopiochamus ruspator Fabricius (comb, nov.) Lamia ruspator Fabricius, Spec. Ins. 1, 1781 : 223 ; Man. Ins. 1, 1787 : 140 ; Ent. Syst. I (2), 1792 : 286 ; Syst. Eleuth. 2, 1801 : 300. Gmelin, in Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1 (4), 1790 : 1834. Cera mbyx ruspator Fabricius. Olivier, Encycl. meth. Ins. 7, 1792 : 467 ; Entomologie . 4, No. 67, 1795 : 99, pl. 17, f - I2 9- MALE. Piceous, rather densely covered with dark greyish brown pubescence. Head on vertex, and pronotum over lateral and discal tubercles, covered with brownish ochraceous pubescence. Scutellum entirely ochraceous pubescent. Elytra with humeri irregularly ochraceous pubescent, the pubescence extending in a narrow oblique vitta to about basal fifth ; with two whitish fasciae, one slightly behind middle, broadly interrupted before suture, extending obliquely forward from sides, continued at suture as a common macula, the second at apical fourth, narrow, undulating, widened near suture. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown, abdomen sometimes paler, densely clothed with greyish pubescence, interrupted by small, glabrous points ; metasternum and legs beneath tinged with brownish pubescence. Antennae with scape piceous, rest dark reddish brown, becoming slightly paler distally, finely grey pubescent, apical halves of segments with brownish pubescence. Head minutely alutaceous, with scattered, coarse, deep punctures, front one-fifth wider than high, slightly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe broadly oval, twice as tall as gena. Pronotum one-quarter again as wide across base as long ; apical and basal transverse sulci deep, apical one recurved medially ; lateral tubercles broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; disk with five tubercles, the median one placed closer to base and broad, the two lateral ones feeble, entire surface coarsely, densely, irregularly punctate. Elytra with basal gibbosities feeble ; disk on basal fifth moderately granulate-punctate, thence with moderate sized, deep punctures which are more or less seriate ; apices obliquely truncate. Legs with femora coarsely, rather sparsely punctate. Antennae about one and two-thirds times as long as body, fimbriate beneath to apex ; scape robust, very feebly clavate apically, with coarse, deep, sparse punctures ; third segment straight, twice as long as scape ; fourth segment one-half and fifth one-third again as long as first ; rest gradually diminishing, except eleventh which is as long as fourth and arcuate. FEMALE. As male but antennae only one-third longer than body, and third segment is not quite twice as long as first. Length 16-21 mm. ; width 5-7 mm. Type locality : " Africa aequinoctiali " [ruspator]. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 75 DISTRIBUTION. West Africa, from Nigeria to Liberia. West Africa : 12 ; no further data [EFG ; ZSM]. Nigeria : i ; no further data [SM]. i ; Ifon, Ondo Prov., Aug. i-n, 1934 (Bolton) [CMNH]. i ; Lagos [EFG]. i ; Calabar [SM]. Gold Coast : 9 ; no further data [EFG-8 ; SM-i]. i ; Tafo [EFG]. 3 ; Obuasi, Mar. (D. Rafferty) [CM], i ; Accra, March [EFG]. 2 ; Axim [EFG ; USNM]. i ; Ashanti [ANSP]. Togo : 2 ; no further data [SM]. Ivory Coast : i ; Dimbroko [EFG]. French Guinea : 2 ; no further data [ZSM]. Liberia : i ; no further data [MCZ]. i ; Du River [MCZ]. 14 ; Mt. Coffee [USNM]. 2 ; Muhlenberg Mission [USNM]. i ; Harbel, April 1946 (H. Beatty) [LL]. i ; Medje (Lang & Chapin) [AMNH]. Gabon : i ; no further data [SM]. Cameroons : 4 ; no further data [SM] . Belgian Congo : i ; Niangara, Nov., 1910 (Lang & Chapin) [AMNH]. German East Africa : i ; no further data [ZSM]. REMARKS. This species (under the name of dentipes) was treated by Breuning as a variety of nubifer (which he called ruspator). The present form is amply distinct, however, by the coarse punctation of the femora and scape, by the shorter, robust body form, and by the transverse pronotum, as well as by the elytral and pronotal maculation. Fabricius in his original description of ruspator states " Thorax spinose, fuscous, with two ferrugineous maculae, elytra fuscous varied with ashy . . . and antennae slightly longer than body." These statements can apply only to the above species. Ethiopiochamus ochraceomaculatus Breuning (comb, nov.) Monochamus ochraceomaculatus Breuning, Folia zool. hydrobiol. Riga 7, 1935 : 245 ; Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 422. " Close to ruspator Fab. but : Head more sparsely, pronotum more finely, punctate, scutellum brown tomentose, yellow only on the margins, the brighter markings of elytra as in ruspator m. nubifer Gyll., but more sharply defined, of ochraceous yellow colour, the premedian oblique band widened toward the suture, extending basally almost to the scutellum. Body beneath, legs, and antennae brown-grey tomentose. 20-27 mm. Type i $ from Belgian Congo : Kasai in the Museum of Tervueren. Distributed as far as Gabon." REMARKS. It is impossible to determine the generic position of this species without examining the type, but its coloration indicates it possibly will fall here. NEOCHAMUS gen. n. Moderate to large, cylindrical forms, with head of moderate length ; front not retracted, transverse, slightly narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe oblong or subovate, subequal to the gena in height, isthmus at least half as wide as an upper lobe, upper lobes separated by about one and one-half to two times one of 76 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON their widths ; antennal tubercles subapproximate at base, apically strongly diver- gent, prominent. Pronotum feebly narrowed apically, sides nearly straight, one- fourth again as wide at base as long ; lateral tubercles median, moderately elevated, ending in a short, subacute spine ; disk with five tubercles, with basal and apical transverse sulci shallow, broad, the apical one recurved medially, not forming a deep impression medially, the surface varying from very sparsely to moderately densely punctate. Elytra on basal gibbosity with a feeble crest which is sometimes granulate ; disk granulate-punctate on no more than basal fifth, the rest of surface simply punctate, the punctures more or less confused ; humeri with a small tubercle at angle ; apices either separately rounded or broadly truncate ; sides feebly tapering in male, arcuately narrowed from behind middle in female. Prosternum simple, one-sixth to one-fourth as broad as procoxal cavity, mesosternal process simple, one-fourth to one-third as broad as mesocoxal cavity, apex subtruncate. Legs moderately long, hind ones longest in males ; metafemora attaining at least middle of fifth sternite in male, all femora subcylindrical, slightly thickened medially ; tibiae subequal to femora, unarmed ; protarsi only slightly dilated in male. An- tennae at least twice body length in male, and one-third longer than body in female, beneath fringed to base of fourth or fifth segment ; scape short, extending at most to apical fourth of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened from base to apex, cicatrix extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin, moderately wide, slightly wider laterally ; third segment robust in male, straight or nearly so, nearly three- fourths again as long as first or longer ; fourth rather robust, it and following subequal, eleventh a little longer. Type species : Monohammus nyassensis Gahan. REMARKS. This genus is close to Ethiopiochamm but differs from it in the eyes being smaller and more widely separated above. In addition, the elytra have a feeble crest and the humeri a small tubercle at the angle, the scape is short and conical, not flared apically and the third segment is nearly straight, robust, not tumid in male. KEY TO SPECIES 1 . Elytra with median fascia bordered before and behind with a narrow white fascia or traces of such a fascia ; scutellum with pale margin less than one-third as wide as central fuscous area ......... pannulatus Elytra with median fascia not margined before and behind with white ; scutellum with pale margin at least half as wide as central fuscous area .... 2 2. Pronotum only with several punctures medially at apex, rest of disc impunctate ; elytra with crest in profile not serrate ........ thoas Pronotum nearly uniformly punctate throughout ; elytral crest serrate in profile . 3 3. Head, pronotum, and most of elytra uniformly pale grey pubescent . . pheretes Head, pronotum and elytra not bright grey pubescent .... nyassensis Neochamus nyassensis nyassensis Gahan (comb, nov.} Monohammus nyassensis Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 395. Monochamus pannulatus Quedenfeldt. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 4 2 ^ [misdet.] MALE. Piceous to black, densely covered with short, fulvous-ashy pubescence ; head dull brownish pubescent, sometimes tinged with ochraceous between and THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 77 around eyes. Pronotum dull brown pubescent, irregularly varied with fulvous on discal and lateral tubercles. Scutellum fuscous pubescent, more or less broadly margined with fulvous pubescence. Elytra fulvous-ashy pubescent, mottled with irregular blackish maculae to a greater or lesser extent, at base with a broad, common, fuscous area, at suture extending to basal fourth, not quite attaining humeri on sides, its posterior margin irregularly incised each side and quite variable in outline ; beginning at middle of sides an oblique, dark brown or fuscous band, which usually narrows somewhat towards suture. Body beneath and legs dark brown, silky pubescent ; tarsi and sometimes tibiae ashy or fulvous ; femora with sparse, single, white setae. Antennae black at base, becoming reddish brown apically, ashy pubescent, pubescence only slightly denser on bases of segments. Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head with scattered, moderate-sized, deep punctures ; eye with lower lobe slightly erect, about one-fourth again as high as gena. Pronotum at base one-third wider than long ; lateral tubercles broad basally, acute, and with an acute spine at apex ; disk rather uniformly but sparsely, moder- ately punctate, with five tubercles, two before and three behind middle, the median one distinctly larger than the rest, the other two basal ones feeble ; the single apical and basal sulci broad, shallow. Elytra at base rather densely, finely granulate- punctate, the punctures becoming simple beyond basal dark area and gradually sparser to apex ; at middle of each base a low crest bearing two or three tubercles, the most basal of which is much the larger ; apices broadly, separately rounded or obliquely subtruncate at suture. Antennae more than twice as long as body, finely fimbriate beneath on first three or four segments ; scape extending just to base of lateral tubercles, robust, subconical ; third segment three-fourths again as long as first. FEMALE. As in male, but antennae only one-third again as long as body, fourth segment scarcely longer than first, rest gradually shorter. Length 17-23 mm. ; width 6-8 mm. Type locality : Nyassa. DISTRIBUTION. South Central Africa. Nyasaland : 12 ; no further data [EFG ; BM]. 19 ; Mlanje, Dec.-Jan., 1913 [EFG ; BM]. i ; Mt. Mlanje, Jan. i, 1913 (S. A. Neave) [BM]. Southern Rhodesia : i ; Mt. Chirindi [EFG]. i ; Mashonaland [EFG]. i ; Mt. Selinda, Dec. 1929 [CM], i ; Chirinda Forest [NMSR]. Belgian Congo : i, Urundi [ZSM], (?) Cameroons : i ; no further data [SM]. Neochatnus nyassensis proximus Breuning (stat. nov.) Monochamus proximus Breuning, Folia zool. Hydrobiol. Riga 7, 1935 : 246 ; Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 428. Monochamus pannulatus Quedenfeldt. Aurivillius, in Sjostedt, Wiss. Ergebn. Exped. Kili- mandjaro, 1 (7), 1908 : 146 [misdet.]. As the nymotype, but elytra with pubescence fulvous instead of fulvous ashy ; scutellum largely pale fulvous with a basal dark brown macula ; body beneath 78 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON slightly fulvous pubescent. Elytral apices usually broadly, obliquely truncate at suture, the outer angle pronounced. Type locality : Lindi, Tanganyika. DISTRIBUTION. East Africa. Tanganyika : 6 ; Lukuledi [ZSM]. Neochamus nyassensis gazensis subsp. n. As in the nymotype but scutellum entirely yellowish white pubescent, sometimes with a touch of dark at extreme base ; antennae sharply and broadly grey annulate on bases of segments from the third in both sexes. Length 17-5-19 mm. ; width 6-3 mm. Holotype : ; SOUTHERN RHODESIA : Gazaland, Chirinda Forest, Dec., 1901 (G. A. K. Marshall) B.M. 1912-296 [BM]. Allotype : $ ; same data as male [BM]. Paratypes : 3 ; Chirinda Forest, Gazaland, Dec., 1937 (G. van Son) [Fuchs]. Neochamus pheretes sp. n. MALE. Head and pronotum piceous, covered with greyish brown pubescence, varied somewhat with cinereous, or sometimes entirely cinereous pubescent. Scutellum brownish ochraceous or whitish pubescent. Elytra brown-ochraceous pubescent, at base with a common, transverse, dark brown area widest at suture, narrowing to humerus ; two oblique fasciae of cinereous pubescence, one before middle, narrow, one behind middle somewhat wider, fasciae sometimes composed of white annulae about the punctures ; apical quarter usually more or less reticulate with cinereous. Body beneath dark reddish brown, covered with greyish brown and cinereous pubescence. Legs and antennae dark reddish brown ; femora above greyish brown pubescent, lower surface, tibiae, and tarsi cinereous ; antennae annulate with greyish pubescence basally, beginning with third segment. Head minutely, densely alutaceous, with a few scattered, coarse, deep punctures ; front feebly transverse, with scattered, coarse, deep punctures ; eye with lower lobe slightly shorter than gena, ovate. Pronotum one-fourth again as wide at base as long ; basal and apical sulci broad, shallow, the latter recurved medially ; lateral tubercles broad, moderately elevated, ending in a short, subacute spine ; disk with five tubercles, the median one basal, very large, the two each side of middle rather small, the anterior pair slightly larger, entire surface sparsely coarsely punctate. Elytra basally with a crest medially, along the apex of which is a series of coarse tubercles, the largest one anteriorly ; basal fifth moderately granulate-punctate, rest of elytra somewhat coarsely punctate, more finely so toward apex ; humeri at angle with a small, rounded tubercle ; apices rather narrowly rounded. Antennae largely wanting ; scape robust, finely, densely punctate, attaining anterior border of lateral tubercle ; third segment nearly straight, rather robust, twice as long as first ; rest wanting. FEMALE. As in male but more robust ; antennae shorter, third segment a little THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 79 more than half again as long as first ; fourth segment one-fourth longer than first, and fifth slightly shorter than first ; rest wanting. Length 16-3-18 mm. ; width 5-2-5-9 mm. Holotype : <$ ; SOUTHERN RHODESIA : Vumba, Mar. 1931 [NMSR]. Allotype : $ ; same data as holotype [NMSR]. Paratype : $ ; SOUTHERN RHODESIA : Vumba, Umtali district, Feb. 19, 1931 (P. A. Sheppard) [NMSR]. REMARKS. The paratype is nearly entirely cinereous pubescent above on head and pronotum and the anterior cinereous pubescent fascia is much broader. The scutellum is also whitish pubescent. The species is close to N. nyassensis nyassensis but there the pubescence of the upper surface is tawny, not varied with ashy. In the present form the pronotum is less densely punctate as well. Furthermore the lower lobe of the eye is shorter than the gena. Eventually it may prove to be a race of N. pannulatus, but no inter- mediate forms were found to warrant such action here. Neochamus pannulatus pannulatus Quedenfeldt (comb, nov.) Monohammus pannulatus Quedenfeldt, Berl. ent. Z. 26, 1882 : 337. FEMALE. Dark reddish brown, fulvous pubescent. Head mottled with dark brown on occiput and front. Pronotum medially tinged with fuscous. Scutellum dark brown pubescent, rather broadly margined with ochraceous. Elytra ashy pubescent, at base with a broad, common, subtriangular, fuscous area, irregularly incised on its posterior border ; entire disk heavily mottled with blackish ; medially a broad, oblique, fulvous band extending to suture and a small, fulvous area on apex. Body beneath and legs fulvous pubescent, with single, scattered, long, whitish hairs. Antennae gradually paler apically ; fulvous pubescent, segments from fourth more or less distinctly annulate with whitish. Entire upper surface minutely alutaceous. Head finely punctate above between eyes and on front, more coarsely and sparsely so on genae behind eyes ; eye with low- er lobe erect, subequal to gena in height. Pronotum at base about one-fourth again as wide as long ; lateral tubercles broad, obtuse, armed with a robust, subacute spine ; disk rather densely, moderately punctate, with two tubercles before middle and three behind, the median one much larger, lateral basal ones feeble ; apical sulcus obsolete, basal one broad, shallow. Elytra at base granulate-punctate, the punctures very shallow, punctation behind basal area rather coarse, dense, and rugose but more or less obscured by pubescence, extending to apex ; basal crest rather feebly elevated, with two or three small tubercles anteriorly ; apices broadly, separately rounded. Antennae with scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, robust, subconical ; third segment about three-fourths again as long as first ; rest wanting. Length 14 mm. ; width 4-6 mm. Type locality : Angola. DISTRIBUTION. Angola. Angola : i ; Benguella [SM]. So LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON REMARKS. This species is distinguished from M. nyassensis by the elytra having the median oblique band fulvous, mottled with blackish, the eye somewhat smaller, subequal to gena in height, and the elytral disk rugosely punctate. Furthermore, the antennae are distinctly annulate with white at bases of segments at least from fourth. Neochamus pannulatus gilmouri subsp. n. As in the nymotype but differing from it in having the pubescence of elytra fulvous instead of ashy, and at basal and apical third an irregular, whitish, oblique band outlining the usual median band. Scutellum dull fulvous, medially with a pale brownish macula. Antennae with scape fuscous pubescent, usually the third as well as following segments annulate with ashy. Length 18-21 mm. ; width 5-8-5 mm. Holotype : <$ ; TANGANYIKA : Lukuledi [ZSM]. Allotype : $ ; Kashitu [EFG], Paratypes : i ; Kashitu [EFG]. i ; Lukuledi [ZSM]. i ; Tanganyika : Kilosa, Dec. 24, 1925 (N. C. E. Miller) BM 1927-503 [BM]. Neochamus thoas sp. n. MALE. Piceous, elytra dark reddish brown ; densely fulvous pubescent, head more sparsely so. Scutellum nearly entirely yellowish white pubescent except at middle of base where it is slightly infuscated. Elytra basally with a broad, common, fuscous area extending to basal fourth at suture, rounding up to, but not covering, humerus ; medially a rather narrow, fuscous, oblique fascia, which is irregular on its anterior and posterior margins, widest laterally, narrowing at suture just behind middle ; at apical third toward suture an indistinct, fuscous, narrowly ovate, longitudinal macula. Body beneath and legs piceous, posterior abdominal sternites and tibiae dark reddish brown ; covered with a sparse, fine, greyish fulvous pubescence, with scattered, sparse, white setae. Antennae piceous, segments from fourth dark reddish brown, fuscous pubescent, annulate with grey on basal halves of third and fourth segments, and on increasingly greater areas on remaining segments. Head minutely alutaceous, with several coarse punctures behind eye and on vertex ; front transverse, slightly narrowed above, with several widely scattered punctures ; sides of genae coarsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe erect, feebly taller than gena. Pronotum one-tenth wider across base than long ; lateral tubercles median, prominent, armed with a short, acute spine ; disk with five tubercles, the central one largest, about as broad as long, the apical pair more or less rounded, and the most lateral ones very small, rest of disk smooth except for several coarse punctures at apex and one or two basally. Elytra at base rather finely granulate- punctate in fuscous area, rest of disk with moderately dense, simple punctures which become finer apically ; basal gibbosity rather feeble, but with a rounded crest on its summit, which in profile is not serrate ; apices narrowly, separately rounded ; humeri with a small tubercle at angle. Antennae more than twice as long as body, THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 81 very sparsely fimbriate on first three segments ; scape extending to apical third of pronotum, robust, subconical ; third segment robust, straight, nearly twice as long as first ; fourth robust, about one-half again as long as first ; fifth to seventh subequal, slightly longer than fourth ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh, which is distinctly longer than the tenth. Length 18 mm. ; width 6 mm. Holotype : $ ; SOUTHERN RHODESIA : Mt. Selinda, 4,500 ft., December, 1929 (R. & L. Boulton) [CM]. REMARKS. While superficially very similar to N. nyassensis, this species is dis- tinguished from that form by its scarcely punctate head and pronotum, the un- serrated basal crest of the elytra, the nearly unicolorous scutellum. and the rounded discal tubercles of the elytra. TRICHOLAMIA Bates Tricholamia Bates, Ent. mon. Mag. 21, 1884 : 14. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 381. Moechopsis Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afrika Exped. 3, 1911 : 438. Large, elongate-oblong, robust. Head of normal length, vertex declivous, broadly, rather deeply sulcate, impunctate ; from one-fifth again as broad as high, laterally with a broad sulcus from middle of lower lobe of eye ascending onto side of antennal tubercle, sprinkled with short, erect hairs, medially with a narrow, deep sulcus ; eye with lower lobe strongly obliquely transverse, entire margin rounded, nearly twice as tall as gena, isthmus very broad, nearly as wide as upper lobes, which are as broad as the interocular space ; antennal tubercles robust, prominent, sub- approximate basally, divergent apically. Pronotum one-fourth again as wide across base as long, sides parallel, uneven ; lateral tubercles slightly premedian, conical, with a short, acute tooth at apex ; apical and basal transverse sulci narrow, deep, the former recurved at middle ; disk with five large, prominent tubercles and with scattered, fine, setigerous punctures. Elytra with basal gibbosity subobsolete ; entire disk finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a long, erect, black hair ; apices broadly, separately rounded; humeri simple, behind which the sides are coarsely granulate-punctate. Prosternal process simple, as is that also of meso- sternum. Legs moderately long, hind ones longest ; femora not very robust, gradually narrowed to base and feebly so to apex ; protibiae unarmed in male ; protarsi dilated in male. Antennae defective, sixth segment attaining apical fifth of elytra, densely fimbriate beneath on all segments, entire scape and apices of other segments with long, dark setae ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, gradually clavate to apex, which is slightly flared laterally, cicatrix extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin, widest dorso-laterally ; third segment three- eighths again as long as first, straight, thickened apically ; fourth to sixth suc- cessively shorter ; rest wanting. Palpi with terminal segments broadly, squarely truncate in male Type species : Tricholamia plagiata Bates, by monotypy. 82 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON REMARKS. The long erect setae on the elytra and entire antennal scape (with shorter similar ones on pronotum and front), and the very broad isthmus of the eye will distinguish this genus. Tricholamia plagiata Bates Tricholamia plagiata Bates, Ent. mon. Mag. 21, 1884 : 15. Waterhouse, Aid Ident. Ins. 2, 1886 : pi. 170, f. 4. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 381. Lepesme, Longicornia, 1, 1950 : 561, fig. 8. Moechopsis ruficornis Hintz, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. 3, 1911 : 438, pi. 7, fig 13. MALE. Fuscous, elytra, legs, and antennae dark reddish brown, densely covered with fulvous-ashy pubescence. Head above each side of middle near occiput clouded with brown. Scutellum somewhat brighter fulvous-ashy pubescent. Elytra with three large, fuscous markings, first a short broad fascia at extreme base, second a large, elongate, irregular plaga at middle towards sides, and third a rather large macula at apical quarter near middle of disk ; entire disk irregularly sprinkled with a number of fuscous maculae. Body beneath, legs, and antennae broadly tinged with brown ; tibiae apically and tarsi with bright ochraceous pubescence ; antennal segments from third infuscated apically. Head above with a rather deep, broad sulcus between eyes and antennal tubercles, impunctate ; front one-fifth again as broad as high, the whole surface somewhat tumid, each side with an arcuate sulcus beginning at middle of lower ocular lobe and continuing on outer side of antennal tubercles, sprinkled irregularly with short, erect hairs ; eye with lower lobe strongly obliquely transverse, nearly twice as tall as gena. Pronotum about one-fourth again as wide across base as long, sides parallel ; lateral tubercles robust, conical, tapering into an acute tooth, slightly premedian ; apical and basal transverse sulci very deeply impressed, narrow, the former dis- tinctly recurved medially ; disk covered with a number of rather long, erect hairs which arise from fine punctures, medially with five very prominent, irregular tubercles, the two lateral basal ones somewhat smaller. Elytra with basal gibbosity subobsolete, without a crest ; entire disk finely sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a long, black hair ; apices broadly, separately rounded ; behind humeri on sides a number of rather densely placed granulate-punctures. Antennae defective, sixth segment attaining apical fifth of elytra, densely fimbriate beneath with long hairs, the entire scape and the apex of remaining segments above with similar long hairs ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened apically, slightly flared laterally at extreme apex ; third three-eighths again as long as first, straight, slightly thickened at apex ; fourth, fifth, and sixth successively, distinctly shorter, rest wanting. Length 27 mm. ; width 8-6 mm. Type locality : Mt. Cameroons, Cameroons [plagiata] ; N. Tanganyika [ruficornis}. DISTRIBUTION. West Africa. Gold Coast : i : no further data [BM]. REMARKS. The long hairs on the body above antennae, as well as the three large, dark plagiae on the elytra, will serve to distinguish this species. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 83 The type, locality of ruficornis is so widely separated from that of plagiata that the two may prove not to be identical when adequate material is at hand. PAROCHAMUS gen. n. Moderately large, cylindrical beetles. Head moderate in length ; front not retracted, quadrate, sides parallel, scarcely narrowed between eyes, with a few coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe ovate, one-third to one-half again as long as gena, erect, isthmus scarcely narrower than upper lobes, which are separated by nearly three times their width ; antennal tubercles feebly prominent, narrowly separated and strongly divergent. Pronotum as wide across base as long in male, slightly transverse in female, scarcely narrower apically ; lateral tubercles median, broad, prominent, armed with a long, acute spine ; disk with five tubercles, lateral- most feeble ; disk coarsely, sparsely punctate ; apical sulcus subobsolete, basal one shallow and straight. Elytra with basal gibbosities rather prominent, not or feebly crested ; disk roughly granulate-punctate on basal fifth, the punctures thence simple, confused to apex ; apices broadly truncate ; humeri with a tubercle at angle ; sides gradually attenuate from humeri. Prosternal process about one-sixth as broad as procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process simple, less than half as broad as a mesocoxal cavity, slightly tapering apically, apex feebly emarginate. Legs moderately long, forelegs longest in male ; femora robust, cylindrical, metafemora attaining apex of fourth sternite ; tibiae unarmed ; protarsi strongly dilated in male. Antennae scarcely longer than body in female, more than twice body length in male, finely fimbriate beneath to third or fourth segment ; scape robust, gradually clavate apically, moderately long, attaining apical third of pronotum, cicatrix confined to dorsal half of apical margin, broad, slightly broader laterally ; third segment one and three-quarter times as long as scape, nearly straight, moderately robust ; fourth and following very gradually decreasing in length in male, much more strongly shortened in female. Type species : Monohammus thomsoni Chevrolat. REMARKS. The antennal scape is somewhat similar in shape to that of Neochamus but it is considerably more elongate in male, attaining apical third of pronotum, and more slender, and the cicatrix is confined to the dorsal half of the surface. Moreover, the front is as high as wide, parallel-sided, and the elytra are roughly granulate- punctate at base. KEY TO SPECIES Elytra with a strong crest on basal gibbosity, the basal half of disk roughly rugosely punctate ............ mars Haiti Elytra with at most a feeble crest, not rugosely coarsely punctate on entire basal half thomsoni Parochamus thomsoni thomsoni Chevrolat (comb, nov.) Monohammus Thomsoni Chevrolat, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7, 1855 : 184 ; Cent. Longic., 1858, No. 4 ; pi. 2, f. 4. Murray, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 6, 1870 : 478, pi. v, fig. 4. MALE. Piceous to dark reddish brown, covered with brownish grey pubescence, occiput and basal and apical margins of pronotum slightly darker. Scutellum 84 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON stramineous, darker medially. Elytra ashy pubescent, at base a common, broad, velvety brown area, triangular in shape, extending along suture to basal quarter, prolonged briefly along anterior margin of humerus and below humeral angle ; behind middle each elytron with a dark brown, velvety, comma-shaped macula, posteriorly attaining lateral margin but widely remote from suture, its posterior margin nearly straight ; anterior lobe of this lateral spot surrounded by a broad, vague area of greyish brown ; suture apically margined with greyish brown, and an indistinct macula of the same colour at apical quarter laterally. Body beneath and legs dark reddish brown, covered with brownish grey pubescence, with small, glabrous areas ; legs greyish brown pubescent ; tarsi ashy pubescent. Antennae with first two segments piceous, remainder reddish brown, paler apically, densely brownish grey pubescent. Head minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures on vertex and around eyes ; front with a few coarse punctures, subquadrate, as wide as high ; eye with lower lobe ovate, about one and a half times as tall as gena. Pronotum as wide across base as long ; lateral tubercles broad, well elevated, armed with a long, acute spine ; apical sulcus shallow, recurved medially, basal one shallow, straight ; disk with five tubercles, the apical two broad, flat, the median one well elevated, elongate, the lateral basal ones small, with a few coarse punctures at apex and at base. Scutellum with sides strongly tapering, apex narrowly rounded. Elytra at base roughly, coarsely granulate-punctate, beyond basal quarter punctures simple, slightly finer apically ; disk at base with a small gibbose area, with two or three tubercles in a line at centre of area, gibbosity accentuated behind by a rather deep, broad sulcus ; apices obliquely truncate at suture. Antennae two or two and a half times as long as body, feebly fringed beneath on basal four or five segments ; scape robust, gradually clavate, attaining anterior base of lateral pronotal tubercles, rugosely punctate ; third segment nearly twice as long as first, straight ; fourth three-quarters again as long as first, fifth and following very gradually shorter, except eleventh which is elongate and tapering. FEMALE. As male, but antennae shorter, the ninth segment attaining elytral apex, the fourth and following segments much shorter ; pronotal spines not so elongate ; and elytra with basal gibbosity less pronounced. Length 15-19 mm. ; width 5-2-7 mm. Type locality : Calabar. DISTRIBUTION. West and Central Africa, except the Cameroons. Nigeria : I ; Calabar [BM] . Gabon : i ; no further data [BM]. Belgian Congo : I ; Adouma [BM]. i ; Buta [SM]. Parochamus thomsoni buea subsp. n. MALE. Closely resembles the nymotype but the lateral macula of the elytra is abbreviated anteriorly, the anterior lobe scarcely evident, so that the macula is oblique and not lunate in form. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 85 Length 15-19 mm. ; width 5-7 mm. Holotype : <$ ; CAMEROONS : Buea [NRS]. Allotype : $ ; topotypic [NRS]. Paratypes : 3 ; topotypic [NRS]. i ; Buar [BM]. Parochamus marshalli Breuning (comb, nov.) Monochamus marshalli Breuning, Folia zool. Hydrobiol. Riga 8, 1935 : 52 ; Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 426. FEMALE. Reddish brown, densely clothed with a burnished golden pubescence. Pronotum with the discal tubercles covered with pale yellowish white. Scutellum densely pale yellowish white pubescent. Elytra coppery brown pubescent, more concentrated to form a narrow vitta along suture before middle ; at extreme base with a brownish fascia which extends from humerus to humerus, behind this fascia a slightly wider, indistinct fascia of pale yellowish white ; behind middle with a large, velvety brown, comma-shaped macula, outlined with dense, yellowish white pubescence, more broadly and irregularly so posteriorly ; below humerus a smaller velvety macula. Antennae from third segment sparsely, finely, brownish grey pubescent. Head coarsely, rather sparsely punctate ; front about as high as wide, scarcely narrowed between eyes ; eyes with lower lobe ovate, erect, one-third taller than gena. Pronotum one-third wider than long, slightly narrower apically ; apical sulcus subobsolete, recurved medially, basal one wide and shallow ; lateral tubercles median, prominent, ending in a short, robust spine ; disk with five small, rounded tubercles, the most lateral ones smallest, entire surface coarsely, sparsely punctate. Elytra with basal gibbosity crested, each crest having three or four round tubercles which are subcontiguous ; disk at extreme base to just behind crest nearly smooth, thence roughly rugosely punctate to about middle, behind middle somewhat less roughly so ; humeri with a few granules, a distinct tubercle at angle ; apices rather broadly truncate. Femora and entire undersurface with coarse, rather shallow punctures. Antennae slightly longer than body, moderately fimbriate beneath on first six segments, more sparsely so on seventh and eighth, and more densely fringed on all apices ; scape nearly attaining apical third of pronotum, robust, strongly clavate to apex where it suddenly expands, rugosely punctate ; third segment feebly sinuate, one-half again as long as first ; rest gradually diminishing in length. Length 19 mm. ; width 6-5 mm. Type locality : Belgian Congo. DISTRIBUTION. South-eastern Belgian Congo. Belgian Congo : i ; 18 m. SW. of Elizabethville, Feb. n, 1928 (H. S. Evans) [BM type]. REMARKS. This species differs from thomsoni in having the elytra strongly rugosely punctate and the basal fascia much narrower. Moreover, the basal crest is much more prominent, bearing three or four distinct tubercles. 86 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON CRIBROCHAMUS gen. n. Rather small, elongate-oblong, cylindrical forms. Head short, vertex declivous, uniformly punctate over entire surface ; front slightly wider than long, distinctly narrowed between eyes, more strongly so below ; eye with lower lobe erect, ovate, a little longer than gena, upper lobes scarcely wider than isthmus, separated by four times one of their widths ; antennal tubercles scarcely approximate at base, slightly prominent, strongly divergent apically ; maxillary palpi with terminal segment about one-third again as long as last segment of labial palpi. Pronotum distinctly wider across base than long, sides gradually widened anteriorly, then constricted at extreme apex ; lateral tubercles low, placed slightly post-medially, armed with a blunt tooth which is directed slightly backwards ; apical and basal transverse sulci rather broad, indistinct ; entire disk uniformly punctate, with five low tubercles, the anterior two more or less obliquely transverse. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, not crested ; disk at extreme base densely granulate-punctate, at least rest of basal half cribrosely punctate, thence punctures apically a little finer ; sides tapering posteriorly ; apices squarely truncate ; humeri simple. Prosternal process simple, mesosternal process unarmed, distinctly convex. Legs moderate in length, hind pair slightly longer ; femora cylindrical, feebly tapering at ends ; protibiae unarmed in male. Antennae (male ?) slender, sixth segment attaining elytral apex, fimbriate very slightly on scape ; scape attaining apical third of pronotum, cylin- drical, feebly widened towards apex, cicatrix reaching only one-half around apex, small ; third segment straight, three-fourths again as long as first ; fourth and following gradually shorter (wanting from eighth). Type species : Monohammus cribrosus Lameere. REMARKS. This genus is distinguished especially by having the sides of the pronotum widened apically, the lateral tubercles placed slightly post-medially, the elytra are cribrosely punctate on basal half, and the basal gibbosity is feeble, not crested. The entire head and pronotum, furthermore, are densely, uniformly punctate ; the terminal segment of the maxillary palpi is much longer than that of the labial ; and the antennal scape is slender, cylindrical, with the cicatrix extending only about one-half around the apical margin. Cribrochamus cribrosus Lameere (comb, nov.} Monohammus cribrosus Lameere, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 62, 1893 : 45. Monochamus cribrosus Lameere. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 421. Male ? Dark reddish brown, elytra with paler areas ; entirely covered with pale fulvous pubescence. Head and pronotum with glabrous punctures ; front and genae partially glabrous ; pronotal discal tubercles partially denuded. Scutellum densely yellowish white pubescent. Elytra with irregular, glabrous areas, the area along suture irregularly, sparsely pubescent. Body beneath dark reddish brown, abdomen paler from third sternite ; moderately densely clothed with pale fulvous pubescence. Legs and antennae reddish brown, rather thinly clothed with fulvous pubescence. THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 87 Head rather densely covered with moderate-sized punctures, except genae below eyes, which are minutely, transversely rugose and with a few coarse punctures below eyes ; front about one-fourth again as wide as high, narrowed between and below eyes ; eye with lower lobe ovate, erect, one-fourth again as tall as gena ; vertex declivous. Pronotum distinctly wider at base than long, apex as wide as base ; lateral tubercles located feebly behind middle, slightly elevated, ending in a short, quite obtuse tooth ; disk with five scarcely elevated tubercles, the two anterior ones slightly obliquely transverse, punctation as that of head. Elytra granulate-punctate at extreme base, thence rather coarsely cribrosely punctate to behind middle, thence simply punctate to apex ; apices tapering, squarely, feebly truncate ; basal gibbosity obsolete. Antennae with seventh segment slightly surpassing apex of elytra, beneath feebly fimbriate ; scape reaching to apical third of pronotum, cylindrical, barely widened towards apex ; third segment straight, three-fourths again as long as first ; fourth and following gradually shorter (defective beyond eighth segment). Length n mm. ; width 3-7 mm. Type locality : Assinie [IVORY COAST]. DISTRIBUTION. West Africa. Gold Coast : i ; Ashanti [BM]. MACROHAMMUS Aurivillius Macrohammus Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 7, 1886 : 52. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 413. Very large, robust, subcylindrical ; head slightly elongate, vertex scarcely inclined ; front nearly one-half again as wide at epistoma as high, distinctly narrowed between eyes, widened below, nearly impunctate ; eye with lower lobe ovate, slightly taller than gena, isthmus subequal to upper lobes which are separated by twice their widths ; antennal tubercles subcontiguous at base, divergent apically, promin- ent. Pronotum slightly wider basally than long, scarcely narrower apically ; lateral tubercles median, rather broad, prominent, ending in a short, acute spine which is directed distinctly upward ; apical and basal sulci distinct ; disk with five tubercles, lateral basal ones more distinct, nearly impunctate. Scutellum narrowly triangular ; truncate at apex. Elytra with basal gibbosity slightly prominent, not crested ; disk with punctation largely concealed by pubescence ; apices broadly rounded or subtruncate ; humeri simply rounded. Pro- and mesosternal processes simple. Legs moderate in length, hind pair feebly longer ; protibiae unarmed ; protarsi distinctly expanded in male. Antennae about two and one-half times body length in male, sparsely fimbriate beneath only on scape ; scape attaining apical quarter of pronotum, robust, distinctly clavate apically, cicatrix extending about two-fifths around apical margin, confined to lateral portion, distinctly rimmed, rather broad ; third segment robust, thicker basally, nearly straight, almost twice length of scape ; fourth and fifth successively longer than third ; sixth and seventh subequal to fifth ; remaining gradually shorter (eleventh wanting). Type species : Monochamus deyrollei Thomson, by monotypy. REMARKS. This genus is distinguished by the large size of its members, by the 88 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON fourth and fifth antennal segments being longer than the third, by the form of the cicatrix, and by the nearly impunctate elytra. Macrohammus deyrollei Thomson Monochamus deyrollei Thomson, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (5) 9, 1879 : xxvi. Macrohammus Deyrollei Thomson. Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 7, 1886 : 53, fig. i. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 414. MALE. Black, rather densely covered with greyish fulvous pubescence. Head above and frontal disk tinged with brownish. Elytra each with four to five irregular, partially confluent, velvety brown maculae, the ones at base and apex largest, the former confluent at suture. Legs black, covered with fine, yellowish grey pubescence. Antennae with scape piceous, rest reddish brown, entirely and very thinly covered with yellowish grey pubescence. Head minutely punctulate and with sparse, shallow punctures ; front one-half again as wide at epistoma as high, strongly narrowed between eyes, widened below, medially deeply, broadly sulcate to middle of length ; eyes with lower lobe ovate, slightly taller than gena. Pronotum slightly wider across base than long, feebly narrowed apically ; lateral tubercles broad, median, ending in a short, acute spine which is directed slightly upward ; apical and basal transverse sulci distinct, the former feebly arcuate, the latter trisinuate ; disk with five tubercles, the lateral basal ones more prominent than the others, finely, densely punctulate, with sparse, fine punctures interspersed. Elytra with basal gibbosity slightly prominent ; disk entirely, finely, densely punctulate, with scattered, fine punctures largely concealed by the pubescence ; apices separately, broadly rounded. Antennae about two and one-half times as long as body, with a slight fringe beneath on scape ; scape attaining apical fourth of pronotum, robust, distinctly clavate apically, finely punctulate ; third segment robust, nearly straight, thicker basally, almost twice as long as first ; fourth one-tenth longer than third, and fifth longer than fourth ; sixth and seventh subequal to fifth ; rest gradually shorter ; eleventh wanting. Length 42-44 mm. ; width 16-17 mm. Type locality : Gabon. DISTRIBUTION. West Central Africa. Cameroons : i ; no further data [NRS]. i ; Buea [NRS]. REMARKS. Distinguished by its large size from all other known African Mono- chamines. The elytral maculation, along with its nearly impunctate disk, will serve further to identify it. INSULOCHAMUS gen. n. Large to very large, cylindrical. Head rather elongate ; front not retracted, subquadrate or feebly transverse, distinctly narrowed between eyes, rugose or moderately punctate ; eye with lower lobe oblong or broadly ovate, one and one-half to two times as tall as gena, isthmus about half as wide as an upper lobe, upper lobes separated by about one of their widths or slightly more ; antennal tubercles approximate at base, rather prominent, divergent apically. Pronotum slightly THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 89 wider at base than long, visibly narrowed apically ; lateral tubercles medial, rather broad, prominent, armed with a rather long, blunt spine ; disk with from three to five tubercles which are sometimes quite feeble, and with a broad median impression, entirely coarsely punctate, medially sometimes rugosely so ; apical sulcus shallow, recurved medially, basal sulcus deeper, straight. Elytra granulate-punctate on basal fifth or more, remainder of disk rather coarsely, moderately, confusedly punctate, the punctures slightly finer apically ; basal gibbosity prominent, outlined behind by a deep arcuate sulcus, without a crest ; apices separately rounded or obliquely truncate ; humeri simple. Prosternal process simple, not narrow, nearly one-third as wide as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process tapering posteriorly, nearly half as wide as a mesocoxal cavity, feebly emarginate at apex. Legs elongate, front ones longest in male ; metafemora attaining or surpassing the apex of the fourth sternite ; protibiae in male longer than femur and dentate or spined at apical third, rest equal to femora, as are all tibiae in female ; protarsi dilated in male. Antennae nearly twice as long as body in male, one-third longer in female, distinctly fimbriate beneath nearly to apex ; scape robust, cylindrical, sides nearly parallel, suddenly expanding at apex, extending to apical fourth of pronotum, cicatrix extending nearly two-thirds around apical margin, subequal in width throughout, except for a slight widening externally ; third segment straight, not swollen, from two-thirds to once again as long as first ; fourth robust, slightly shorter than third ; remainder gradually shorter, except eleventh in male, which is elongate. Type species : Monochamus thomensis Jordan. REMARKS. Very closely related to Laertochamus but the front and pronotal disk are rugosely sculptured ; the pronotal lateral tubercles have a long tooth at apex ; elytra are usually coarsely granulate-punctate at base and coarsely simply punctate over rest of surface ; and antennal scape is more elongate. Both genera are some- what related to Leprodera but differ in the form of the scape and in the pronotal spine being at the middle. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pronotum each side with a broad fulvous vitta above lateral tubercles . fulvisparsus Pronotum with a short glabrous vitta above each lateral tubercle ... 2 2. Elytra with granulation moderate in size, along middle of disk extending to centre of elytron ; Annobon Island ........ annobonae Elytra with granulation coarse, at middle of disk terminating at basal fifth ; St. Thomas Island . thomensis Insulochamus thomensis Jordan (comb, nov.) Monochamus thomensis Jordan, Novit. zool. 10, 1902 : 193. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), EI944 : 418. MALE. Piceous, elytra sometimes slightly paler. Head and pronotum rather sparsely covered with brownish tawny pubescence ; the former touched with ochraceous behind eyes above and below ; the latter with a narrow, indistinct vitta medially of the same colour, and with a short glabrous vitta above each lateral 90 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON tubercle. Scutellum dull ochraceous. Elytra sparsely, finely, dark brown pub- escent, giving the appearance of being nearly glabrous, and with more or less reticular patches of dull fulvous, forming very irregular fasciae before and behind the middle ; at base irregularly ochraceous pubescent. Body beneath very sparsely brownish fulvous pubescent ; broadly ochraceous on mesosternum, on mesosternal side-pieces and first several sternites of abdomen. Legs piceous, tibiae and tarsi slightly paler ; very finely, sparsely fulvous-grey pubescent. Antennae piceous, becoming dark reddish brown from third segment ; scape sparsely brownish grey pubescent, from third pubescence denser and fulvous-brown. Head above minutely alutaceous and with coarse, scattered punctures ; genae behind eye with coarse punctures ; front feebly transverse, slightly constricted between eyes, coarsely, sparsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe feebly transverse, about one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum narrowed apically, slightly wider at base than long ; lateral tubercles medial, broad, ending in a short, obtuse spine ; apical and basal sulci rather deep, the former recurved medially ; disk with three tubercles, the median one elongate, somewhat rugose, moderately densely punctate. Elytra near extreme base granulate, granules moderate in size, not densely placed, thence granulate-punctate to basal fifth, punctures simple and finer to apex ; apices subtruncate. Antennae twice as long as body, sparsely fimbriate on basal first three segments and on ninth and basal half of eleventh, much more densely so on remaining segments except tenth and apical half of eleventh, which are devoid of fringe ; scape roughly rugose, feebly clavate apically, attaining apical third of pronotum ; third segment straight or nearly so, not quite twice as long as scape ; fourth nearly one- half again as long as first ; rest gradually shorter, except eleventh which is longer than third, arcuate. FEMALE. More robust ; nearly uniformly, densely, fulvous-ochraceous pubescent, on elytra clouded irregularly with dark brown ; body beneath more densely pub- escent than in male, as are the legs ; antennae more or less annulate on basal half of third and following segments. Antennae one-third longer than body, third segment three-fifths again as long as first, rest successively shorter, except eleventh which is slightly longer than tenth. Length 14-30-8 mm. ; width 4-5-11 mm. Type locality : St. Thomas Island. DISTRIBUTION. St. Thomas and Prince's Islands. St. Thomas Island : 2 ; no further data [EFG]. 2 ; Agua-Ize, Dec., 1900 (L. Fea) [NRS]. i ; Vista Alegre, Sept.-Oct., 1900 (L. Fea) [NRS]. Prince's Island : i ; no further data [EFG]. REMARKS. This species is remarkable for the sexual differences in coloration. Insulochamus annobonae Aurivillius (comb, nov.) Monochamus annobonae Aurivillius, Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova, 52, 1928 : 478. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 419. MALE. Fuscous, rather densely covered with dingy ashy pubescence. Head with four small, triangular, glabrous maculae on occiput. Pronotum with pub- THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 91 escence tinged with fuscous at middle and below lateral tubercles, with three short, glabrous vittae, the median one very fine, the others broader, placed above the lateral tubercles, and with two small, rounded, glabrous maculae, one each side just before middle. Scutellum with pubescence irregularly denser in places, especially in a broad area at base and a narrow one behind middle and on apical third. Body beneath, legs, and antennae fuscous, rather sparsely and uniformly covered with fine, silky, brown-grey pubescence, the tarsi ashy pubescent ; antennae with apical segments a little paler. Head above minutely alutaceous, medially with a broad patch of rather coarse punctures, genae behind eyes coarsely punctate ; front feebly transverse, slightly narrowed between eyes, uniformly sparsely, coarsely punctate ; eye with lower lobe two-thirds again the length of gena, slightly transverse. Pronotum tapering apically, distinctly wider across base than long ; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad, moderately elevated, ending in a short, subacute spine ; apical and basal transverse sulci entire, rather deep, both recurved medially, apical one more strongly so ; disk with five feeble tubercles, the two lateral ones subobsolete, the median one most prominent and largest, with scattered, rather fine punctures, especially towards sides. Elytra at extreme base with rather dense, fine granules which become granulate-punctures and then quite dense, coarser, simple punctures, diminishing suddenly in size behind apical third, the granulations continuing almost to middle ; apices separately, broadly rounded. Antennae twice body length, fifth segment attaining elytral apex, very sparsely fimbriate beneath on basal six segments, then much more densely so to apex ; scape feebly, gradually clavate apically, attaining apical third of pronotum, roughly, rugosely punctate and minutely, densely punctu- late ; third segment two-thirds again as long as first, nearly straight ; fourth two- fifths again as long as scape ; remaining gradually shorter, except eleventh which is as long as third. Length 26 mm. ; width 8 mm. Type locality : Annobon Island. DISTRIBUTION. Annobon Island. Annobon Island ; i ; May, 1902 (L. Fea) [NRS type]. REMARKS. The male of this species resembles somewhat the female of thomensis but is dull ashy pubescent, not fulvous, and the punctation of the elytra is denser, much finer, and more strongly granulose, the granules attaining the middle. The fimbriation of the antennae is also unique. Insulochamus fulvisparsus Gahan (comb, nov.) Monohammus fulvisparsus Gahan, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2, 1888 : 395. Monochamus fulvisparsus Gahan. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 419. MALE. Piceous ; head and pronotum sparsely covered with fine, fulvous pubes- cence, which is condensed to form a margin around eyes, and on the pronotum to form a fine vitta medially and a broad one each side, not attaining apex. Scutellum densely, fulvous pubescent, much more sparsely so medially. Elytra very sparsely, finely, dark brown pubescent, and with minute reticulating patches of fulvous 92 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON pubescence, these patches are quite sparse in places, leaving a dark band behind middle. Body beneath grey-fulvous pubescent ; prosternum with a densely pubescent vitta antero-laterad of each coxa. Legs and antennae piceous, the latter slightly paler from third segment, sparsely covered with brownish tawny pubescence ; legs sparsely grey-tawny, the tarsi entirely grey pubescent. Head minutely alutaceous, with a few punctate rugae above ; genae behind eyes coarsely punctate ; front subquadrate, sides nearly parallel, densely, nearly scab- rosely punctate ; eye with lower lobe quadrate, with angles rounded, one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum distinctly wider at base than long, visibly narrower apically ; lateral tubercles broad, moderately elevated, with a long, obtuse spine at apex ; apical and basal sulci shallow, the former broad, recurved medially, with a second entire sulcus near each margin ; disk with three feeble, broad tumosities, the median one placed more basad, basal half and bases of lateral tubercles with moderately coarse punctures, a few transverse rugosities on median tumescence and cephalad of it. Scutellum strongly depressed medially. Elytra basally with moderately dense, large granules, thence becoming first granulate-punctures, then coarse punctures which diminish in size apically ; humeri rounded ; apices feebly obliquely truncate. Antennae imperfect, lacking segments beyond fourth, fimbriate through fourth ; scape gradually clavate, reaching to apical two-fifths of pronotum, roughly rugosely punctate ; third segment straight, finely, densely punctate, feebly rugose on basal half, not tumid, twice as long as scape. Length 28 mm. : width 9 mm. Type locality : Congo. DISTRIBUTION. Belgian Congo. Belgian Congo : I ; no further data [BM type]. REMARKS. The fulvous vittae on the pronotum and the minute, fulvous, reticular maculae on the elytra, plus the presence of two grey fulvous vittae on the prosternum, will amply distinguish this form. QUASIOCHAMUS gen. n. Moderate-sized, cylindrical beetles, with head slightly elongate ; front not retracted, feebly transverse, slightly narrowed between eyes ; impunctate or with a few coarse punctures ; eyes with lower lobe ranging from one and one-third to nearly two times as tall as gena, oblong or obliquely ovate, isthmus at least half as wide as upper lobe, upper lobes separated by at least once their width ; antennal tubercles subapproximate at base, strongly divergent, prominent. Pronotum quadrate or scarcely elongate, base and apex subequal ; lateral tubercles median, broad, with a short, obtuse tooth at apex ; disk with three feebly elevated tubercles ; apical and basal sulci very shallow, former recurved medially, not forming a deep impression at middle, surface very sparsely punctate, especially basally. Elytra subcristate on base, with one or more granules on the elevation ; sparsely, finely granulate on basal fifth, remainder of surface simply, subseriately punctate ; humeri with a small tubercle at angle ; apices obliquely, rather narrowly truncate ; sides rather strongly attenuate from behind middle in male, slightly less strongly so in THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 93 female. Prosternal process simple, between one-fifth and one-third as broad as a procoxal cavity ; mesosternal process around one-fourth as broad as a mesocoxal cavity, feebly tapering to, and subtruncate at, apex. Front legs longest in male ; femora rather slender, cylindrical, narrowed basally ; metafemora nearly attaining apex of fourth sternite ; tibiae as long or feebly longer than femora ; protarsi feebly dilated and fringed in male. Antennae in male twice length of body, in female one-fourth again as long as body, slightly fimbriate to fourth or fifth segment ; scape short, extending scarcely beyond apex of pronotum, robust, gradually thickened from base to apex, cicatrix extending more than two-third around apical margin, moderately wide, slightly wider laterally ; third segment feebly robust, nearly straight or strongly bisinuous, from one and three-quarters to more than twice length of scape ; fourth feebly shorter than third ; fifth and following segments either sub- equal or feebly diminishing in length. Type species : Monohammus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius. REMARKS. Most closely related to Neochamus, this genus is distinguished in having the head much longer and the pronotum less strongly transverse, with the disk bearing only three tubercles and being very sparsely punctate. Moreover, the antennae have the third segment more elongate and the lower lobe of the eye is taller. KEY TO SPECIES 1 . Elytra at base with a large, common, fuscous area ..... adamitus Elytra without a common, fuscous area at base ....... 2 2. Elytra with a moderately wide, pale fascia just behind middle, rest of apex dark pubescent ............ balteatus Elytra with entire apical third pale pubescent ..... nigrofasciatus Quasiochamus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius (comb, nov.) Monohammus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius, Ark. Zool. 8 (29), 1914 : 14. Monochamus nigrofasciatus Aurivillius. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 423. MALE. Head and pronotum piceous, rather densely, greyish brown pubescent ; eye outlined with fulvous. Pronotum usually with three denuded, black maculae on disk. Scutellum fulvous pubescent, pubescence much sparser medially. Elytra reddish brown, brownish fulvous pubescent ; at middle each with a broad, oblique, dark brown fascia, joining at suture, its margins very irregular, forming small maculae and with several brownish fulvous maculae along its borders also ; on apical fourth several small, irregular, dark brown maculae along suture and lateral margins. Body beneath dark reddish brown, apical margins of sternites paler, densely covered with brownish fulvous pubescence. Legs and antennae reddish brown, the former densely covered with greyish brown pubescence ; tarsi somewhat cinereous pubescent ; antennae with bases of segments cinereous and brown varie- gated, apices darker brown pubescent. Head minutely alutaceous, sometimes with a few coarse, deep punctures ; front subquadrate, sides subparallel ; eyes with lower lobes quadrate, one-half again as tall as gena. Pronotum quadrate ; lateral tubercles placed at middle, broad, 94 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON ending in a short, obtuse spine ; basal and apical sulci shallow, the latter recurved medially ; disk with three feebly elevated, rounded tubercles, the median one placed posteriorly, more elongate, entire surface and bases of lateral tubercles with a few coarse, scattered punctures. Elytra at extreme base midway between scutellum and humeri with an elevated cluster of several granules ; basal gibbosity feeble, with a row of coarse granules medially ; disk with basal fifth moderately granulate- punctate, thence with rather coarse, dense punctures which become finer apically ; humeri with a small, rounded tubercle at apex ; apex rather narrowly, obliquely truncate. Antennae (wanting beyond seventh segment) with the sixth segment attaining elytral apex, first four segments rather densely fimbriate ; scape robust, only feebly widening to apex, minutely, densely punctate, just surpassing apex of pronotum ; third segment robust, arcuate, more than twice, and fourth slightly less than twice, as long as first ; fifth to seventh segments subequal, feebly shorter than fourth. Length 14-20 mm. ; width 4-5-5-2 mm. Type locality : Uganda : Entebbe. DISTRIBUTION. Eastern Belgian Congo and Uganda. Belgian Congo : i ; Ibembu, Upper Itemtiri, Aug. 1-15, 1890 (Duvivier) [NRS]. i ; Arn [SM]. i ; Ukaika, Dec., 1910 (Grauer) [VM]. i ; Niapu, 26 48' E.. 2 15' N., Jan., 1914 [AMNH]. REMARKS. This species, besides its distinctive maculation, is distinguished by the three flat tubercles of the pronotal disk, by the granules being in a crest-like cluster at middle of extreme base of elytra, by the elytral apices being narrowly truncate, and by the antennal formula. Quasiochamus balteatus Aurivillius (comb, nov.) Monochamus balteatus Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 24, 1903 : 268. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2), 1944 : 423. MALE. Head and pronotum black, elytra dark reddish brown, entirely covered with dense, dark brown pubescence. Head above often with an indistinct fuscous macula behind each eye ; front laterally indistinctly margined with golden brown pubescence. Pronotum on sides and irregularly on disk with golden brown pub- escence ; disk with three rather large, denuded maculae arranged in the form of an inverted triangle, the median one often elongated. Scutellum narrowly margined with fulvous. Elytra irregularly varied with golden brown or fulvous pubescence ; at apical third each with a large, transverse, irregular, dingy whitish macula which is somewhat interrupted by dark brown, rounded maculae. Body beneath and legs densely covered with orange-brown pubescence. Antennae dark reddish brown, gradually paler apically, sparsely greyish brown pubescent, the pubescence somewhat darker on apices of segments. Head entirely impunctate or with a very few fine punctures above and on front ; front about one-fifth wider than long, gradually narrowed between eyes ; eye with lower lobe oblong, nearly twice genal height. Pronotum slightly longer than wide across base ; apical and basal sulci obsolete ; lateral tubercles rather small but THE MONOCHAMINI OF THE ETHIOPIAN FAUNISTIC REGION 95 prominent, ending in a robust, obtuse tooth ; disk nearly impunctate, with a few coarse punctures apically and on sides, with three low tubercles, the posterior median one much larger than the others. Elytra with basal gibbosity feeble, at anterior margin of each a single, rather large tubercle ; disk on basal sixth rather sparsely, finely granulate-punctate, punctures thence rather coarse, more or less subseriate, becoming finer to apex ; apices rather broadly, obliquely truncate to suture ; humeri at angle with a rather distinct tubercle. Antennae over twice body length, with a long fringe beneath to middle of sixth segment ; scape robust, strongly narrowed at base, reaching very slightly beyond pronotal apex ; third segment bisinuate, not quite twice length of first ; fourth and following segments gradually decreasing in length, eleventh missing. FEMALE. As in male but antennae only one-fourth again as long as body, nmbriate to seventh or eighth segment, third segment only half again as long as first, arcuate. Length 16-18 mm. ; width 5-5-6 mm. Type locality : Cameroons. DISTRIBUTION. The Cameroons. Cameroons : i ; no further data [NRS type]. I ; North Cameroon (L. Conradt) [DEI]. REMARKS. This species is distinguished by the three denuded maculae on the pronotum and by the transverse whitish maculae at apical third of the elytra. Quasiochamus adamitus adamitus Thomson (comb, nov.) Monochamus adamitus Thomson, Arch. Ent. 1, 1857 : 293. Breuning, Nov. Ent. suppl. 3 (2) 1944 : 425. MALE. Head piceous, pronotum and elytra dark reddish brown. Head and pronotum rather densely greyish brown pubescent, the former with eye margined narrowly with deep fulvous, frontal sutures narrowly vittate with the same colour ; front with three glabrous maculae arranged in the form of a triangle. Scutellum fuscous, broadly margined with duh 1 ochraceous. Elytra rather densely covered with dull grey and brown variegated pubescence ; base with a common, fuscous, triangular macula, its apex attaining basal quarter of suture ; humeri anteriorly margined with dull ochraceous, beneath with a small fuscous macula ; disk with an oblique band of dull brown at middle, widest laterally, tapering to suture, on apical quarter dull brown pubescent, this area sometimes joined by the median fascia ; entire surface including fasciae sprinkled with more or less rounded, fuscous maculae. Body beneath and legs rather densely covered with golden brown pubescence. Antennae dark reddish brown, apical segments slightly paler, rather sparsely clothed with golden brown pubescence. Head above minutely alutaceous, with a few coarse punctures along median line ; front one-fifth wider than long, feebly narrowed between eyes, with a few coarse punctures ; eye with lower lobe obliquely ovate, nearly twice as tall as gena. Pronotum about as wide at base as long ; lateral tubercles medial, moderately elevated, ending in an obtuse tooth ; apical and basal sulci broad, shallow, apical one recurved medially ; disk with three tubercles, median one broad, elongate, the ENTOM. II, 3. 5 g6 LAWRENCE S. DILLON AND ELIZABETH S. DILLON two anterior ones small, rounded, with scattered, coarse punctures on entire surface including lateral tubercles. Elytra each with a feeble gibbosity at base, on apex of which is a row of not prominent granules, basal fifth of disk with smaller granules, rest of surface coarsely punctate, punctures becoming somewhat finer apically ; humeri with a small, rounded tubercle at angle ; apices obliquely truncate. Anten- nae two and a fourth times as long as body, feebly fimbriate beneath on the first three segments, somewhat more densely so at apex of third ; scape robust, gradually clavate to apex, finely and densely punctulate, attaining apical fifth or sixth of pronotum ; third segment twice as long as first, straight, not tumid ; fourth one- sixth shorter than third ; rest gradually shorter, except seventh and eleventh, each of which is nearly equal to fourth in length. Length 12-15-3 mm. ; width 4-5 mm. Type locality : " Singapore " [in error]. DISTRIBUTION. Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone : 2 ; no further data [BM]. No locality data : i ; Sharp collection [BM]. REMARKS. While superficially resembling M. nyassensis, this species is not closely related to that one. The head here is impunctate behind eyes ; the eye is much larger ; the pronotum is nearly quite as long as wide at base and has but three discal tubercles ; and the elytra have a few scattered, round, fuscous maculae instead of the irregular-shaped mottling of the South African species. Quasiochamus adamitus balfour-brownei subsp. n. MALE. As in nymotype but pubescence of upper surface cinereous ; legs more grey-brown pubescent ; antennae distinctly cinereous, annulated on basal two-thirds of segments beginning with the third ; elytra with a few more fuscous maculae. Length 15*5 mm. ; width 5-2 mm. Holotype : $ ; SENEGAL : (ex Mus. Laferte) BM. 1905-100, Bocande [BM]. REMARKS. This fine form is dedicated to Mr. Balfour-Browne who co-operated with the authors very generously throughout the preparation of this paper. Quasiochamus adamitus patriciae subsp. n. MALE. As in the nymotype, but the general body pubescence is a deeper brown. Elytra with median fascia indistinct, only feebly darker than that of rest of surface, the brownish apical area indistinct, nearly lacking, basal band extending beyond basal quarter of suture. Scutellum entirely pale pubescent except for a small dark macula at extreme base. Head lacking coarse punctures on vertex and on front. Length 16-5 mm. ; width 5 mm. Holotype : <$ ; GOLD COAST, July 24, 1945 (G. H. Thompson) BM. 1948-165 [BM]. REMARKS. This species is named for our daughter in recognition of her services in our entomological endeavours. PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ADLARD AND SON, LIMITED BARTHOLOMEW PRESS, DORKING Miss L. E. CHESSMAN'S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA TRICHOPTERA D. E. KIMMINS BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 4 LONDON: 1962 Miss L. E. CHEESMAN'S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA TRICHOPTERA BY D. E. KIMMINS British Museum (Natural History) Pp. 97-187 ; 74 Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) ENTOMOLOGY Vol. n No. 4 LONDON: 1962 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. n, No. 4 of the Entomological series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. Trustees of the British Museum, 1962 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued 13 February, 1962 Price Thirty Shillings Miss L. E. CHEESMAN'S EXPEDITIONS f TO NEW GUINEA f TRICHOPTERA By D. E. KIMMINS SYNOPSIS This paper is based upon material collected by Miss L. E. Cheesman, 1933-34, 1936 and 1938. Fifty-one new species are described, in nine families, and keys are given to the Papuan species of the genera Chimarra, Polycentropus, Oecetis and Triaenodes. THE greater part of the material upon which this paper is based was collected by Miss L. E. Cheesman on her expeditions to New Guinea in 1933-34, 1936 and 1938, to which has been added such other unidentified material in the British Museum from New Guinea. Some explanation is due for the long delay in working out these collections, which were received by the British Museum before the war by my late colleague Mr. M. E. Mosely. He was proposing to work on them but on hearing from Dr. G. Ulmer of his work on a large collection of Trichoptera from the Lesser Sunda Islands, Mosely decided to put the Papuan material on one side until the completion of Dr. Ulmer's work. The war delayed the publication of Ulmer's papers and Mosely died before they were completed. Miss Cheesman was not in any way specialising in the collection of Trichoptera, but in spite of this, she has succeeded in bringing the total of species for New Guinea up to eighty-six, of which some fifty are here described as new to science. This number is probably only a fraction of the total fauna, since comparatively little work has been done on the Trichoptera of this area, and consequently it is not surprising that many species appear to be endemic. In our present state of knowledge, one cannot say much about the origin of the Papuan Trichopterous fauna, other than that there are affinities with the faunas of Australia, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Borneo and the Sunda Islands. The author would like to express to Miss Cheesman his thanks for the oppor- tunity to work on this material. The types of all new species are deposited in the British Museum (Natural History) and all material was collected by Miss Cheesman unless otherwise stated. Names of species not collected by Miss Cheesman are enclosed within square brackets. ENTOM. II, 4. 5 ioo D. E. KIMMINS Family RHYACOPHILIDAE Subfamily HYDROBIOSINAE Percivalia papuana sp. n. (Text-figs. 1-2) PAPUA : Mt. Tafa, 8,500 ft., iii.i936, i clops, 3,500 ft., 111.1936, 2 D ~ E - A > lateral ; B, cerci, tenth segment and paraprocts, dorsal ; c, ventral ; D, lateral ; E, ventral. ENTOM. ii, 4. 7 I 3 D. E. KIMMINS Polycentropus rosselinus Navas (Text-fig. 32) I take the opportunity of figuring the male genitalia of a paratype of this species, from Rossel Isl., Mt. Rossel, 9,100 ft., xi-xii.igis, W. F. Eichhorn. FIG. 32. Polycentropus rosselinus Navas, $ Paratype, genitalia. A, lateral ; B, cerci, tenth segment and paraprocts, dorsal ; c, claspers and aedeagus, ventral. Polycentropus similis sp. n. (Text-figs. 25, 33) PAPUA : Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vi.iQ33, 2 $. Head dark fuscous, with dark brown hairs. Antennae fuscous, with fulvous annulations, more noticeable on the ventral side. Palpi fuscous. Thorax fuscous above, with brown hairs, paler on sides and beneath. Legs fulvous. Abdomen fuscous, terminalia fulvous. Fore wing densely clothed with dark reddish brown pubescence, membrane pale fuscous, with whitish areas around MISS L. E. CHEESMAN'S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 131 the r-m cross-vein, the cross-vein closing the median cell, the base of the median cell and the m-cu cross-vein. Hind wing smoky hyaline, sparsely pubescent. (J GENITALIA. Tenth segment membranous, fused with the ninth and forming a short rounded hood. Paraproctal process stout, somewhat swollen shortly before apex, which is divided into two acute spines, one above the other and directed outwards. Cercus rather slender, digitate, FIG. \ 33. Polycentropus similis sp. n. GENITALIA. Eighth sternite emarginate at its centre. Ninth and tenth segments forming a long ovipositor. Length of fore wing, <$, 3-5 mm., $, 3-4 mm. cJ HOLOTYPE (ix.i-933) mounted as microscope preparations, $ allotype pinned, with abdomen in glycerine, paratypes pinned. In structure of claspers this species shows some resemblance to Tinodes igok Kimmins (Sarawak), but the basal plate is more developed and the aedeagus and tenth segment differ considerably. It also agrees with T. igok and T. silvicola Kimmins (Sarawak) in the absence of the cross- vein closing the median cell in the fore wing. In the case of the two species from Sara- wak, each was represented by a single example, but in the present species the cross- vein appears to be absent from all examples. Nevertheless, I do not think the erection of a new genus for these species to be justified, in view of the similarity of the male genitalia to those of other species of Tinodes. MISS L. E. CHEESMAN'S EXPEDITIONS TO NEW GUINEA 133 FIG. 34. Tinodes aberrans sp. n. A, wings ; B, <$ genitalia, lateral ; c, . Previously recorded from Papua. Hydropsychodes cheesmanae sp. n. (Text-fig. 41) PAPUA : Kokoda, 1,200 ft., vii-ix.i933, 7 <, 2 $. Head fuscous, with golden pubescence above, that on the clypeus brownish. Palpi fuscous, with brownish pubescence. Antennae fuscous, towards the bases annulated with fulvous. Thorax fuscous, with golden pubescence. Legs fulvous, with golden pubescence. Abdomen fuscous, terminalia fulvous. Fore wing densely pubescent, brownish, with numerous golden spots. Hind wing with pale smoky membrane, sparsely pubescent. Length Breadth . Length Breadth o-37 o-5i o-35 0-52 o-33 o-34 0-46 0-48 I ' I 5 '55 1-35 0-67 1-85 - 2-05 A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF A C TORNI THOPHIL US FERRIS 207 PIG. 3. Actornithophilus totani (Schrank). Male from type host. 2o8 THERESA CLAY in the sternal brush, the relative lengths of the post-spiracular setae and the sclerite of the genital sac. MALE AND FEMALE. Male as shown in PI. 4, fig. 2. Preocular nodi as in Text- fig. 40 ; dorsal head setae a. spiniform in the male ; prosternal plate surrounds prosternal setae. Marginal setal pattern of pronotum, metanotum and abdominal tergites as in ochraceus, relative lengths of tergal setae as shown in Text-fig. 48 ; post-spiracular setae III and V not markedly shorter than II and IV. Brushes on third femora and sternite IV thicker than in ochraceus and hoplopteri ( (PI. 9, fig. 5). The chaetotaxy of the legs differs from most of the species from the Charadrii examined in having one or two extra outer latero-ventral setae on tibiae II-III and usually having more numerous latero-dorsal setae on tibiae I-III, III has 7-9 in the male and 7-10 in the female (see above, p. 195, Text-figs. 53-54). Sclerite in genital sac as in PI. 10, fig. 6. Last segment of female abdomen as in Text- fig. 58. Measurements as given below. Specimens from Suffolk birds measure rather less than those from Israel, but this may partly be due to the condition of the Suffolk specimens. MATERIAL EXAMINED. 6 . 12. A. sabulosus sp. n., A. totam (Schrank, 1803) -N Tringa flavipes Tringa stagnatilis J Tringa glareola . .A. totani (Schrank, 1803) sens. lat. f totani group Tringa ochropus . . A. lyallpurensis Ansari, 1955 Actitis hypoleucos . A. flumineus sp. n. Tringa nebularis . \ , . , j _ . . , r A. paludosus sp. n. 1 nnga melanoleuca J Actornithophilus totani (Schrank, 1803) Type host : Tringa totanus (Linn.) (PI. n, fig. i ; Text-figs. 3, 23, 41, 59, 60) Pediculus totani Schrank, 1803. Fauna Boica:i()i. Host: " Strandschnepfen " = Tringa totanus (Linn.). Colpocephalum affine Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 276. Host: Totanus maculatus = Tringa erythropus (Pallas). Syn. n. The history and interpretation of this name, the earliest to be used for an Actorni- thophilus, has been dealt with in Clay & Hopkins (1960 : 18). MALE AND FEMALE. The species is distinguished from other forms belonging to this group by having no long anterior seta on the metanotum, by having anterior dorsal setae on the last segment of the abdomen in the male, by the size and arrangement of the male tergal setae (Text-fig. 3) and by the prosternal plate surrounding the prosternal setae. Genitalia as in PI. 8, fig. I and Text-figs. 59-60. In the female at least two or more tergites have seven or more central setae and tergites 1 1- VI II have a row of anterior setae. Genital region of female abdomen of the type shown in Text-fig. 71. Measurements in Tables III, IV and V. The variation in the number of tergal setae of the male abdomen (Table II) means that individuals may appear considerably different from each other. Although the populations of which the average size of the individuals is smaller tend to have fewer setae this is not invariable, for instance one male from the same host individual as the neotype (Text-fig. 3) has the number of setae greatly reduced. In Table III the measurements of the breadth of the head at the temples of males is given for specimens from Tringa totanus from various localities. The numbers for some are small and in the females the differences are less and perhaps not significant. Fresher and more extensive material is required for a statistical analysis of these size relationships. The populations from Tringa totanus, T. erythropus, T. flavipes and T. stagnatilis do not appear to be distinguishable from each other (Table IV). Specimens from T. glareola are difficult to place : the males have fewer tergal setae than is usual in totani but overlap with an occasional specimen from Tringa totanus which shows reduced tergal chaetotaxy ; one male said to have been taken from T. glareola in S. Africa has the tergal setae as in the new species from A. hypoleuca but differs in 216 THERESA CLAY the proportions of the head, suggesting that it may be an abnormal specimen of the population usually found on Tringa glareola. In the specimens available from T. glareola it is always possible to distinguish the females from totani sens. str. as all segments show marginal tergal pattern A, but further material may include an occasional specimen (as in lyattpurensis) with a greater number of tergocentral FIGS. 25-32. Preocular nodi of Actornithophilus spp., males. Scale adjusted so that breadth at preocular enlargement is the same ; actual breadth at temples in mm. of specimen given in brackets. Figs. 25-28. A. ochraceus sens. lat. 25. Host : Charadrius tricollaris (0-41). 26. Host : Pluvialis apricaria (0-48). 27. Host : Chettusia gregaria (0-51). 28. Host : Squatarola squatarola (0-49). Fig. 29. A. gracilis (0-51). Fig. 30. A. uniseriatus (0-55). Fig. 31. A. himantopi (0-49). Fig. 32. A. mexicanus (0-47). setae. On the available material from T. glareola it would not be satisfactory to name the population, but as it shows some differences which indicate that it is perhaps rather distinct it is included in totani as totani sens. lat. MATERIAL EXAMINED. 39